1. Field-Reversed Configuration (FRC)
Imagine a donut-shaped cloud of plasma (super-heated gas) so hot it would melt any container. A Field-Reversed Configuration, or FRC, is a way to hold that plasma in place using magnetic fields alone — no physical walls needed. The magnetic field loops around inside the plasma like a smoke ring, trapping it.
FRCs were first studied at Los Alamos National Laboratory in the 1970s and 1980s through experiments called FRX-A, FRX-B, and FRX-C. They're attractive because they're compact — small enough to potentially fit on an aircraft — unlike traditional fusion reactors which require building-sized magnets.
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