FRAMEWORK MASTERPLAN August 2024 Framework Masterplan Contents 2 CONTENTS CONTENTS Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Introduction Ambition & Context Objectives P3 Section 4 Section 5 Masterplan Evolution 1. TITLE Framework Masterplan Introduction 3 Section 1 Introduction 1.1. Structure Furthermore, there is a significant possibility that at least one, possibly two, major This document sets out the UKAEA’s high level ambition for the development of its Culham Campus, fusion facilities could be constructed and operated on campus by independent provides an overview of its context, communicates the key infrastructure requirements to facilitate enterprises; development and growth, alongside setting out a Placemaking strategy to create a cohesive campus. It culminates in a spatial plan that illustrates how the site might grow to 2025; from 2025-35; and from - 2025-35; during which time, it is anticipated that major redevelopment of existing 2035-2050. This end date is intentionally aligned with the UK’s Climate Change Act, which has a legal Culham Campus buildings will occur and there will re-use or re-development of the duty to reach net carbon zero by 2050. This Act has directly shaped the positioning of Clean Growth JET buildings/facilities following anticipated closure of JET. It also reflects the end at the heart of the UK’s Industrial Strategy, which has been a notable influence in the preparation of point of the new Local Plan; this 2050 Framework Masterplan document. - 2035-2050; looking to the long term realisation of the full potential of the existing Whilst the UKAEA’s needs at the campus will evolve with time and it is not possible to predict what campus and the achievement of significant milestones in the sustainability of the those needs are or how the campus should best develop to meet them, it is possible to set out ways campus whilst also reflecting the emerging Oxfordshire Plan 2050. in which the campus can feasibly and reasonably develop in anticipation of likely needs having regard to the physical characteristics of the campus and planning and development policy and practice. A • presents the planned evolution of the campus in terms of: Masterplan is a working document and requires regular review and updating. - 'yellow infrastructure‘ – movement; 1.2. Purpose - 'green infrastructure’ - landscape/ecology/biodiversity; - ‘blue infrastructure’ - the strategy for surface water and drainage. What This Document Is For • provides visualisations of the developed state of the campus after the selected timeframes; This document: What This Document Is Not For • provides the framework for the physical development of the UKAEA’s Culham Campus based on the UKAEA’s ambitions, an understanding of the existing campus and current This document: development policy and national policy guidance; • does not provide guidance for the design of buildings other than in respect of their location, • indicates how the physical development of the campus will contribute to the achievement of massing, access and related campus infrastructure; sustainability objectives, setting trajectories for clean growth, improved mobility and place- making consistent with national and corporate policy; Culham Campus • projects three timeframes for that development: 1. A number of site plans are included throughout the document to illustrate different principles. In all cases these plans recognise the anticipated changes to the external - to 2025; consistent with the current timescale for the major developments associated highway network which are expected to be in place by 2025. with the Fusion Foundations Programme and the external HIF Programme which will deliver a major change in the transport infrastructure in the immediate vicinity of the campus. The development of the adjacent proposed ‘Culham Science Village' is also expected to commence within this period following the adoption of the South Oxfordshire Local Plan 2034. 2. TITLE Framework Masterplan Ambition & Objectives 4 Section 2 Ambition & Objectives 2.1. Ambition The Oxford area is increasingly recognised as a powerhouse of innovation, with a breadth and This document outlines the UKAEA’s ambitions for the development of its campus near Culham, depth of research infrastructure and knowledge that play on a global stage. These include Oxford Oxfordshire, continuing and accelerating its transition from the UK’s national fusion laboratory to University, the Harwell Campus and the Culham Campus. Further, the role of Culham is recognised in a world leading centre for fusion technology. Fusion energy offers huge potential be a safe and a wide range of the ambitions set out in Oxfordshire’s Local Industrial Strategy. sustainable contribution to the world’s future energy supply, and work at the Culham Campus plays a crucial role in its realisation. As well as being a key objective of the Government’s industrial and energy strategy, the commercial realisation of fusion energy is a major economic opportunity, attracting substantial investment from the UK and elsewhere. To achieve this goal, the campus will need to develop and grow: • in a way that supports an increasingly diverse range of facilities and organisations; • to attract the best talent to drive the endeavours of the UKAEA and other occupiers; • in a responsible and environmentally sustainable, safe and secure way. The UKAEA, owner and operator of Culham Campus, has a clear strategy to develop the campus as a leading global centre for the development and the realisation of fusion energy. Already an internationally recognised centre for fusion research and development and home to a community of related businesses, a major programme of development and investment is now underway at the campus that forms the centrepiece of the UK’s ambitions to deliver sustainable fusion energy with associated scientific and economic impact. The Culham Campus also has significance as a national asset which could be used for national infrastructure connected to the fusion programme - for example perhaps making use of the extraordinary electrical power connectivity of the site for future national high-performance computing facilities. Accordingly, the Campus at Culham needs to provide an environment: • that is home to the UKAEA’s headquarters and the bulk of its key national programmes and major facilities; • in which innovation and collaboration between the UKAEA’s programmes, companies and universities will thrive; • that attracts and provides a good working environment for all employees; • that attracts organisations to the campus which contribute to a successful cluster. Framework Masterplan Ambition & Objectives 5 Ambition, Objectives & Spatial Strategy Thematic Objectives Spatial Campus Objectives Strategy (UK National Policy) Clean Growth / Net Carbon Zero Long-term Short-term Purpose The Climate Change Act requires a net carbon zero (up to 2050) (to 2025) outcome by 2050. This requirement has directly Developing the campus to accommodate facilities shaped the UK’s Industrial Strategy, in particular the and people to build cluster in policy compliant way. Yellow Green Blue Infrastructure Infrastructure Infrastructure positioning of Clean Growth it its Grand Challenges. This requires a move to clean economic growth through low carbon technologies and efficient use of resources. People Creating an effective, well-serviced, attractive environment that attracts/retains talent and + Place contributes to well-being. Creating environments that are great for business and the prosperity of the communities that use them. Placemaking Placemaking Developing the campus in a way which seeks to Mobility minimise the adverse impacts of development Pursuing profound change in how we move people, and contributes where possible to improved goods and services around driven and enabled by sustainability. extraordinary innovation in engineering, technology and business models and delivering environmental and other benefits. Mid-term (to 2035) Framework Masterplan Ambition & Objectives 6 2.2. Objectives This Masterplan is fundamentally a plan for the spatial development of the UKAEA’s campus at Culham; the making of a distinct place that supports the ambition to become the world leading centre for fusion technology and the evolution of the infrastructure that is needed to support this outcome. The Masterplan has three objectives: • to help deliver its purpose in advancing the realisation of fusion energy through hosting a world leading cluster of fusion technology; • to create an attractive an interactive place that attracts and retains the people with the talent needed to deliver the purpose; • to develop the campus as an effective sustainable environment through comprehensive place-making. And, in doing so, the UKAEA wishes to address wider societal challenges as far as possible by also pursuing: • coherence with the government’s innovation/industrial strategy at national and local level; • low-carbon emissions and resource efficiency through a clean growth strategy; • modern mobility strategies to improve sustainability in home-to-work and business-related transport. 2.3. Masterplan Components To help meet the objectives above, this Masterplan seeks to integrate a spatial strategy for the campus with strategies for key infrastructure and placemaking objectives. The spatial strategy is derived to a significant extent from the local context and local constraints. The infrastructure strategies are similarly influenced and constrained by the existing developed nature of the site and its operations. Placemaking will be a particularly important consideration in evolving an environment much of which was built 50-60 years ago and the use of which has changed significantly. These elements, which will help shape the campus for the future are described in more detail in Section 4 and 5 below. Framework Masterplan Ambition & Objectives 7 3. TITLE Framework Masterplan Context 8 Section 3 Context 3.1. Background 3.2. Existing Operations & Planning Context Culham Campus origins lay in its former use as a naval airfield. In 1959, the UKAEA began to look for In addition to the laboratory buildings constructed in the 1960s, other existing buildings and a site for a new laboratory for plasma physics and nuclear fusion research. The site needed to be infrastructure within the campus include: within easy reach of the UKAEA’s existing facilities at Harwell and Aldermaston and in close proximity to Oxford University. The old naval airfield at Culham came nearest to meeting those requirements • Joint European Torus (JET): the eastern part of the Culham Campus is occupied by buildings and on 29 January 1960, the UKAEA secured planning permission from Oxfordshire County Council and infrastructure connected with the JET project. This project was conceived as the largest (OCC) for the development of the site as a research establishment with access. project in the co-ordinated fusion programme of the European Atomic Energy Community. The programme’s long-term objective is the creation of safe, The laboratory, which covers circa 80 hectares, was conceived, planned and built as a whole, and environmentally sound, prototype fusion reactors. The JET buildings extend to approximately today large parts remain largely as they were when construction was completed in the mid 1960’s. 37,000 square metres; The original complex of buildings extended to approximately 59,000 square metres. • Remote Applications in Challenging Environments (RACE): the north western part of Culham The UKAEA’s campus at Culham now forms a key part of Science Vale and the Oxfordshire Campus is occupied by buildings associated with the RACE project. This includes state of Knowledge Spine and is one of the largest employment centres in the county (covering approximately the art testing facilities, remote handling equipment and expertise to design, implement and 80 hectares). operate complete robotic and autonomous solutions; Employment levels, which have been stable and in excess of 2,000 for many years, are now rising • Materials Research Facility (MRF): centrally located within Culham Campus, the MRF building with a growing community of commercial science and technology enterprises and the significant accommodates research into material properties in support of fission and fusion research. It is investment in the UKAEA’s programmes and facilities. part of the National Nuclear User Facility (NNUF) initiative; • Oxfordshire Advanced Skills (OAS): located on the western flank of Culham Campus, the OAS training facility delivers over 100 advanced engineering apprenticeships a year for the UKAEA. The facility includes classrooms, workshops and equipment to support training in a range of engineering and technology disciplines; • National Fusion Technology Platform (NFTP): planning permission was granted in July 2020 for a new NFTP Energy Centre which will accommodate further research related to fusion technology and will play a crucial role in delivering fusion for decades to come. Construction is underway. STRAT 9 Land Proposed Adjacent to Thames Culham Campus Crossing Culham Railway Station STRAT 8 STRAT 9 Proposed Clifton Hampden Bypass Framework Masterplan Context 10 3.3. Future Development Aspirations & Planning Context The UKAEA has a clear strategy to develop the campus as a leading global centre for fusion The new Local Plan does establish some challenges to development at Culham Campus. For technology and the realisation of fusion energy. Already an internationally recognised centre example, Policy STRAT8 requires all development at Culham Campus to “seek to achieve” a net for fusion research and development, and home to a community of related businesses, a major gain in biodiversity and requires that where there is a loss, for this to be offset through a recognised programme of development and investment is now underway at the campus. This forms the offsetting scheme. Given the scale of the new buildings proposed at Culham Campus, many of which centrepiece of the UK’s ambitions to deliver sustainable fusion energy and maximise scientific and are proposed on areas of existing grassland, it is inevitable that there will be some loss in biodiversity economic impact with a clear and direct potential to shape the achievement of net carbon zero by as a result, which in turn will require on or off-site mitigation. On site mitigation presents challenges 2050. for future masterplanning in that any campus set aside for that use will have to be kept free from built development for a minimum of 30 years period. Local Plan 2035 DECEMBER 2020 South Oxfordshire District Council Over the period to 2025 and beyond , the Government is investing in the UKAEA to deliver a wide range of programmes at the campus. These programmes require new infrastructure and facilities, Policy STRAT8 also requires new development to deliver low carbon development and renewable building on what has already been developed. Some notable examples due to be complete and in energy. The UKAEA aspires to meet this goal across the campus. Policy DES10 is also relevant operation by 2025 include: in this regard and requires a 40% carbon reduction as part of each individual development over Appendix 2 1000m2, including meeting BREEAM Excellent standard. This could be challenging in so far as Strategic Al•l ocaa mtioanjo Mr eaxptsension to the RACE facility - itself only 4 years old - reflecting the success in some types of development at Culham Campus are concerned. For example, the likely height of restructuring and refocusing the UKAEA’s robotics expertise; new Rig Hall type buildings for testing means that daylight and heat requirements cannot be met to achieve BREEAM Excellent. Similarly, the structure and scale of some new buildings could well • a major new Rig Hall and Office building to accommodate the conceptual design and mean that measures such as green roofs are not feasible. Planning applications are determined in experimental testing associated with a prototype fusion power station as part of the Spherical accordance with the Development Plan unless material considerations indicate otherwise. One such Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP) Programme; “material consideration” is where development is required in the national interest or nationally or internationally significant. It is quite possible therefore that there will be instances where the Local • a major extension to the successful OAS facility to expand its capacity and research and Planning Authority will be asked to exercise its judgment and to weigh in the balance its policy teaching space to increase the number of apprenticeship opportunities. aspirations for low carbon sustainable development against broader industrial strategy/economic benefits for ‘UK PLC’. The recently adopted South Oxfordshire Local Plan provides in-principle planning policy support for Local Plan 2035 DECEMBER 2020 South Oxfordshire District Council the intensification of Culham Campus, in line with the UKAEA’s aspirations to develop the campus as In addition, STRAT 8 requires development at Culham Campus, in combination with STRAT9 (the a leading global centre for the development and realisation of fusion energy. adjacent Culham Science Village), to provide a net increase in employment land of 7.3 hectares. The site is defined as a Strategic Allocation in the Adopted Local Plan, identified by the reference Appendix 4 STRAT 8 (see below left) and is now fully ‘inset’ from the Green Belt (see below right). Land Inset From The Green Belt 254 260 4. TITLE Framework Masterplan Masterplan 11 Section 4 4.1. Introduction The Masterplan seeks to ensure that the campus The following pages summarise these specific Masterplan develops in a coherent way and can accommodate infrastructure strategies, with a separate schedule growth to a functionally and aesthetically acceptable and plan per infrastructure type to explain how each capacity consistent with on and off site considerations respective infrastructure will evolve to enable and shape and constraints. It identifies where buildings can campus development and performance (diagrams, text, and should be developed and the general form and schedules and plans should be read as a whole). massing of development, including integration within the campus. However, it is not about the design of buildings. • Yellow Infrastructure (how staff, visitors and Buildings will need to be designed to address functional construction teams access the campus, how and occupational needs as they arise, taking into vehicles are managed, how walking and cycle Masterplan account good/best practice in design, technology and is enabled and how modal shift takes place Masterplan Structure sustainability available at the time. A long term view of the over time to ensure operations remain EVO campus’s evolution needs to be maintained to promote effective, but to change movement patterns LU T IO policy support, inform the immediate and short-term towards public and self-propelled vehicular N development of the campus and its infrastructure and to modes). identify investment requirements. • Green Infrastructure (landscape and open Long-term Short-term Accordingly, the Masterplan focuses on spatial utilisation, space). (up to 2050) (to 2025) Spatial infrastructure and the creation of an effective and Strategy attractive working environment. In each case, the • Blue Infrastructure (managing water and Masterplan aims to set out trajectories for each of these drainage). components which both encourage and help deliver policy and sustainability ambitions. Placemaking CTURE U T R The Spatial Strategy, Infrastructure and Placemaking The third element relates to Place, specifically how a S A F R elements address change and growth over time, relate to legible, attractive, world class campus can be created N Yellow + I Infrastructure the key influences identified above and form the overall through a series of Spatial Foci, woven together by a Placemaking Masterplan. These elements act to shape the overall Green Grid to maximise how people interact on campus, campus’s evolving arrangement and function in a spatial whilst also enhancing health and wellbeing. We set out Green Blue way, as described below. below at section 4.4 a plan, images, 3D visualisations and Infrastructure Infrastructure key design principles for each of these Spatial Foci or The Spatial Strategy (see section 4.2) responds directly Green Grid elements. to the campus’s existing features and constraints and its external planning, landscape, movement and historic Evolution influences. Finally, how these elements evolve and interact are Infrastructure is considered in three components considered in relation to time. How the campus performs at section 4.3, each having distinct functions and at present, how it will change over the short-term (to Mid-term characteristics and each contributing to enabling the 2025), how this changes over the mid-term (between (to 2035) successful development of the campus. The following 2025 and 2035), and how this continues into the long types of infrastructure are considered to be essential term (2035-2050). Importantly, the level of prescriptions to the spatial planning of the campus’s growth, and are reduces into the future to allow technological innovation to supported separately by detailed strategies. shape and evolve the Spatial Plan. The schedules referred to above that chart the intended evolution of the campus’s infrastructure during these stages, whilst section 5 pulls the Spatial Plan elements together and illustrates the key changes during each period. Framework Masterplan Masterplan 12 4.2. Spatial Strategy The spatial strategy for the campus is guided by a range of extrinsic and intrinsic factors and constraints. In the former category, the policy context begins at national level (e.g. with the National Planning Policy Framework) which cascades down to local level – see Context at Section 3 above. This context also includes national and local industrial/economic strategy, transport, investment and growth plans. In the latter category, the campus is already heavily developed having evolved from a naval air station constructed in a sensitive location within southern Oxfordshire. Accordingly, the geology, geography and topology of the campus and its immediate environs and the extensive existing infrastructure and development (and the way in which it works), as well as the policy environment, strongly influence how the campus can and should develop. Oxfordshire Green Belt Nuneham Courtenay Historic House & Gardens Oxfordshire Green Belt High/Ultra High Voltage Grid Connections Site Inset Into Green Belt Key Existing Infrastructure (Runway Structure) Jet Facility Decommissioning Clifton Hampden Village Significant Existing Development New Bypass Site Allocated For Housing and Employment Oxfordshire Green Belt Major New Roundabout Entrance Framework Masterplan Masterplan 13 4.3. Infrastructure Infrastructure is considered in three ways as set out below: Yellow Infrastructure That infrastructure and those design features that enable staff, visitors and contractors to access the campus, vehicles to move around the campus, enable walking and cycle is enabled, encourage and adapt to modal shift over time. Yellow Infrastructure Green Blue Infrastructure Infrastructure Green Infrastructure Blue Infrastructure That infrastructure and those design features that That infrastructure and those design features that provide structural landscaping, effective and attractive optimise the use of land by adapting drainage green and open spaces and improve biodiversity. solutions, promote sustainable drainage and maximise ecological value. e Infrastructur Framework Masterplan Masterplan 14 4.3.1 Yellow Infrastructure 4. vehicle access will be needed to all buildings for disabled parking (where applicable), drop-off, The principle role of the Yellow Infrastructure is to: emergency, delivery and maintenance/works purposes as a minimum; • enable and maintain accessibility to all areas of the campus for all valid movements of employees, visitors and 5. access to the campus will predominantly be via Main contractors, and for maintenance, deliveries and Gate, with secondary accesses from Perimeter Road and emergencies (and for all valid modes of movement/ the new bypass. Additional pedestrian access gates transport); should also be considered along desire lines; • encourage and accommodate modal shift to more 6. as far as reasonably possible, employee car parking sustainable transport modes (on- and off- campus) within an should be positioned close to the boundary of the enhanced environment; campus but away from buildings and facilities; • reduce the negative impacts of movement and increase its 7. employee vehicle movements should be minimised positive impacts. within the campus; The principles and strategies relating to this role is set out below 8. disabled parking should be reasonably close to (and and on the following schedules and plans. preferably within 50m of) the facilities they serve, with level or ramped access (preferred gradient 5%), and Principles for the Yellow Infrastructure under cover if possible; The following key design principles have been agreed to guide the 9. where possible car parking should be concentrated in movement, access and car parking strategy and, thus, guide the manageable ‘hubs’ on campus or in facilities which can Masterplan for the campus: be re-purposed if and when parking requirements decline; 1. the movement network should be designed to meet the needs of all users by embodying the principles 10. charging points are to be provided as required in line of inclusive design, e.g. it places people at the heart of with the changing technology of vehicles; the design process, it provides for flexibility in use, and provides an environment that is convenient and 11. design should take account of security requirements; enjoyable to use for everyone; 12. visitor car parking will be provided by a combination of 2. pedestrians will require safe and, as far as possible, local, clustered and centralised facilities appropriate attractive access as close to reasonable desire lines as to need; possible between the main gate, campus entrances, buildings, car parks and amenities; 13. construction traffic should be routed, as far as possible, to avoid/minimise conflict with other road users. 3. cyclists will require safe and, as far as possible, attractive access as close to reasonable desire lines as possible between the main gate, campus entrances, buildings and amenities; Framework Masterplan Masterplan 15 Strategy for the Yellow Infrastructure The car parking strategy, and the aim to reduce vehicle movements within the campus, applies irrespective Consistent with the above principles, Yellow Infrastructure component strategies are as follows: of the type of fuel used for individual vehicles, which is acknowledged will change during the period of the vision. Campus Access Strategy It is prudent to continue to use existing infrastructure where possible in order to avoid any prohibitive Internal Distribution and Route Hierarchy costs of new construction (e.g. associated with diversion or protection of services, drainage issues, high Main Avenue and Farm Way will be maintained as primary routes, as these will be the most regularly used construction costs etc.). The Main Gate will continue to be the primary access point for the campus, routes together with a secondary access point off Perimeter Road. A proposed new eastern exit to the new Clifton Hampden bypass will be established to allow effective internal traffic management. A network of secondary and tertiary routes will spread out from these primary routes, in order to provide access to all buildings and plots for disabled, service, delivery, emergency and some visitors in an efficient Employees will park in the parking hubs close to the campus entrances, and will then walk or use and cost-effective manner. Primary and secondary routes may nevertheless be provided by low speed, alternative sustainable transport to access their place of work. On-campus facilities for walking, cycling mixed use transport infrastructure and other sustainable modes will be improved in order to facilitate and encourage the use of sustainable travel. Walking and Cycling Strategies Pedestrian and cycle priority routes will be promoted, not only linking the car parking hubs with Cyclists and pedestrians will use Main Gate in the short term, with additional entrances being provided at destinations, but also to create a permeable movement network across the campus using the primary secondary access points as they come on-line, and a potential further pedestrian/cycle entrance being and secondary ‘Green Grid’. These are proposed to be rolled out in line with the aspirations shown under provided at a future date on the western flank of the campus. Placemaking, where sections of previous carriageway will be upgraded into people friendly, shared surface spaces, and speed limits could be reduced to say 10 or 20mph in these areas. Visitors will access campus via Main Gate, from where they will either park in one of the parking hubs or travel direct to the appropriate building. Strategy for Construction Traffic Construction traffic will generally avoid the Main Gate (primary) access, and will instead use the secondary Construction traffic will generally enter and exit the campus via one of the secondary entrances. access points off Perimeter Road. This will help minimise any on-campus disruption due to construction traffic. Campus Movement Strategy The overarching objective of this strategy is to restrict private vehicle movements to accessing the parking hubs, with vehicular use beyond this point being largely reduced to service functions and during abnormal events (at reduced speeds of 10-20mph). This strategy will directly promote modal shift through placing walking, cycling and e-modes central to the movement routes in an enhanced, positive environment. These activities will often take place in shared surfaces, that encourage sustainable movement alongside social interaction, maximising the positive role of movement in the character and use of routes. Vehicle Strategies Car Parking Strategy Car parking hubs will be located close to the campus access points, so that employees arriving in vehicles will park as soon as possible after entering campus and will not need to drive within the campus. Employees will then need to walk, or use other sustainable travel modes, for the leg of their journey between the parking hubs and their place of work. The main bulk of parking will be developed close to the Main Gate/Entrance Area, with further potential hubs being located close to the secondary access off the new bypass. The demand for parking will reduce with an increased use of sustainable modes of travel and parking hubs can be re-purposed in time for other uses. In the short term however, the increase in campus population may outstrip the reducing percentage of vehicle drivers, and hence parking demand may well increase during this period. Framework Masterplan Masterplan 16 Yellow Infrastructure Development Sub-Strategies, Aims & Objectives Site Level Now Short-term (to 2025) Mid-term (to 2035) Long-term (up to 2050) On Site Pedestrian All pedestrians enter via Main Gate; Enhanced pedestrian routes enabling Further enhancement in line with the Further enhancement in line with the Pedestrian routes almost all along roads direct, safe, pleasant and legible routes movement strategy. Establish additional movement strategy, along the remainder with conventional crossing features and between buildings, and in particular to / pedestrian routes within the heart of of the desire lines within the campus, and access paths to building entrances; Key from key destinations - sports, facilities, the redeveloped campus to improve improved amenity provision. 'through-building routes' due to original entrance and parking hubs. permeability and add accesses to the west linked-building complex design. and southeast of the campus. Cycle Some dedicated provision over entrance All building projects deliver policy Further enhancement in line with the Further enhancement in line with the movement strategy, area but no dedicated routes on campus; requirements re. cycle storage and ancillary movement strategy. Establish additional along the remainder of the desire lines within the campus, cycle storage facilities near most buildings; facilities (showers..etc.). Enhanced cycle cycle access points to the west and with potential for cycle hubs to improve facilities for cyclists. etc. routes. southeast of the campus. Adaption for technology advances. e-Mode No dedicated provision for personal E scooters / other mobility solutions to Further enhancement in line with emerging Further enhancement in line with emerging transport innovations (e-scooters). share enhanced cycle routes, subject to technology. technology. policy evolution. Vehicle (employee, Internal road distribution and access Retain zoned approach to deliveries and Retain zoned approach to deliveries and Retain zoned approach to deliveries and work-related, network analogous to conventional urban emergency routes. Facilitate parking hubs emergency routes. Facilitate parking hubs emergency routes. Repurpose parking hubs as deliveries, environment with general largely unfettered at key locations (see private vehicle below). at key locations (see private vehicle below). modal shift increases (see private vehicle below). emergency) access; no significant segregation or zoning. NB. Please also refer to the Placemaking Strategy at section 4.4 / page 27. The ambition to enhance pedestrian, cycle and e-mode travel, whilst accommodating and enabling vehicular access has a direct relationship to enhanced Placemaking, in particular ‘humanising’ streets for people, accommodating vehicles but not being dominated by them. Framework Masterplan Masterplan 17 Yellow Infrastructure (Vehicular Movement) LEGEND Site Boundary Existing / Proposed Buildings (built, under construction or in design process) Proposed Buildings (not designed or built) Internal Distribution and Route Hierarchy Primary Route Secondary Route Primary Access Primary Access (Pedestrian & Cycle) Secondary Access Secondary Access (Pedestrian & Cycle) Service Route LEGEND Site Boundary Construction Access & Route Existing / Proposed Buildings (built, under construction or in design process) Bus Stop Proposed Buildings (not designed or built) Car Parking Strategy Internal Distribution and Route Hierarchy Main Car Parking Hub Primary Route Local Car Parking Hub Secondary Route Potential Location for Local Car Parking Hub Primary Access Potential Location for Car Parking Hub Extension Primary Access (Pedestrian & Cycle) Car Park with Planning Permission Secondary Access Security Boundary Secondary Access (Pedestrian & Cycle) Service Route Construction Access & Route Bus Stop Car Parking Strategy Main Car Parking Hub Local Car Parking Hub Potential Location for Local Car Parking Hub Potential Location for Car Parking Hub Extension Car Park with Planning Permission Security Boundary Framework Masterplan Masterplan 18 Yellow Infrastructure Development Sub-Strategies, Aims & Objectives Site Level Now Short-term (to 2025) Mid-term (to 2035) Long-term (up to 2050) Off Site Active Travel - Only significant pedestrian arrivals are Improve/increase access to main entrance/ Further pedestrian access at west of 5% target for walking. Pedestrian from Culham Station; Footpath access western perimeter from Culham Station and campus, linking to CSV/train station and from Abingdon, Culham Village and Clifton adjacent settlement. providing route between Culham Campus Hampden. and Abingdon/Oxford via new bridge over River Thames. 2.5% target for walking. Active Travel - Cycle Key routes mainly between Culham Campus 10% target. Links to Abingdon / Didcot / 12.5% target. Additional link to Abingdon 15% target for cycling. and Other and Abingdon / Oxford / Didcot. 7.8% Berinsfield and Oxford established (the / Oxford established via a new Thames current modal split. latter via Abingdon not via Thames bridge) bridge. by OCC Shared Travel - Bus Key routes mainly between Culham Campus Expand bus services and increase Further enhancements to service 25% target for bus/mass transit. and Abingdon / Didcot. 1.2% current modal frequencies between Culham Campus and frequencies and destinations. 15-20% split. Abingdon / Didcot / Berinsfield / southern target. Oxford. 7.5% target. Shared Travel - Train Key routes mainly between Culham Campus Possible AV link/loop to train station. New Further enhancements to service 20% target for train. (Culham Station) and Oxford / Didcot. 10.4% more direct path to train station. 12.5% frequencies. 15% target. current modal split. target. Private Vehicle 79% existing modal split in vehicles, First phase of peripheral / flexible deck car The forecasts for future modal shift are Similar difficulties with predictions to 2050, including 7.8% vehicles share. Approx 50% parks provided. Target 60% private vehicle incredibly varied, as the evolving societal however, drivers of private vehicles could further of staff live within 10 miles of the campus. drivers + 10% vehicle share (70% total in and technological changes which may reduce based on increased use of sustainable Circa 1500 parking spaces at Culham vehicles). Parking demand = 2,700 spaces. arise to 2035 and beyond are too difficult travel above (also including vehicles sharing) Campus. to predict at this stage. The use of private and future hybrid working patterns, to a range vehicles however could fall to within a of between 25% and 45%. This would reduce range of between 35% and 50% reducing parking demand to 1250 to 2250 spaces (based the parking demand to 1750 to 2500 on 5000 staff). An increase in the proportion of spaces (based on 5000 staff). vehicles using green energy in the future may prolong significant private vehicle use with the attendant level of parking provision continuing to be required. NB. Please also refer to the Placemaking Strategy at section 4.4 / page 27. The ambition to enhance pedestrian, cycle and e-mode travel, whilst accommodating and enabling vehicular access has a direct relationship to enhanced Placemaking, in particular ‘humanising’ streets for people, accommodating vehicles but not being dominated by them. Framework Masterplan Masterplan 19 Yellow Infrastructure (Pedestrian & Cycle Movement) LEGEND Site Boundary Existing / Proposed Buildings (built, under construction or in design process) Proposed Buildings (not designed or built) On-site Pedestrian / Cycle Connections Principal Green Grid (Avenues) Secondary Green Grid (Green Links) Campus Green Off-site Pedestrian / Cycle Connections Internal Key Destinations A = Main Entrance B = Campus Central C = Sports D/E = Main Car Parking Hub F = Potential Local Parking Hub LEGEND G = Local Car Parking Hub Site Boundary External Key Destinations H = Bus Stop Existing / Proposed Buildings (built, under construction or in design process) I = Train Station Proposed Buildings (not designed or built) J = Pedestrian / Cycle Route to Berinsfield / Clifton Hampden On-site Pedestrian / Cycle Connections K = Short Term Pedestrian / Cycle Connection to Abingdon, Oxford, Principal Green Grid (Avenues) Didcot,CSV L = Long Term Cycle Bridge to Abingdon, Secondary Green Grid (Green Links) Oxford, Didcot M = Pedestrian / Cycle Connection Campus Green via Thame Lane to Abingdon, Oxford, CSV Off-site Pedestrian / Cycle Connections Internal Key Destinations A = Main Entrance B = Campus Central C = Sports D/E = Main Car Parking Hub F = Potential Local Parking Hub G = Local Car Parking Hub External Key Destinations H = Bus Stop I = Train Station J = Pedestrian / Cycle Route to Berinsfield / Clifton Hampden K = Short Term Pedestrian / Cycle Connection to Abingdon, Oxford, Didcot,CSV L = Long Term Cycle Bridge to Abingdon, Oxford, Didcot M = Pedestrian / Cycle Connection via Thame Lane to Abingdon, Oxford, CSV Modal Shift & Parking Concept Timeline 2021 2025 2030 2035 2050 5000 100% 75% Increasing 50% Sustainable HTW Travel 25% 0 0% Indicative Employment Level Parking Provision Repurpose of Hubs Modal Split Private Vehicle Use leveL tnemyolpmE evitacidnI Framework Masterplan Masterplan 20 The forecasts for future modal shift are incredibly varied, as the evolving societal and technological changes which may arise to 2050 are too difficult to predict at this stage. The Climate Change Committee, an independent statutory body established to advise the UK and devolved governments on emission targets and report to Parliament on progress, does however provide some potential ranges. The potential modal shift from car journeys to various other forms of travel/ changes in patterns by 2050, are summarised below: • Active Travel could be in the range of 17% to 24% • Public Transport could be in the range of 9% to 14%. • Societal changes e.g. working from home, say 5% to 20% • Increases in car occupancy = 5% to 10% • Other technologies – too difficult to estimate at this stage Culham Campus is located adjacent to a key rail line between Didcot and Oxford, with links to London via Didcot and to Cambridge via Oxford. In addition, the frequencies and geographic spread of bus services are planned to significantly increase as a result of both investment from OCC/Central Government and also due to S106 contributions from major developments in the area (including from Culham Campus). Bearing in mind these factors, the modal shift range could increase significantly from the upper range of 14% to 25%. The total modal shift from current private vehicle trips could therefore be in the range of 36% to 68% (or to 79% using the higher % modal shift in Public Transport) of the current modal share of 71%. Hence the resulting modal share of private vehicle trips could be in the range of 25% to 45% (rounded) at 2050 or 15% to 45% using the higher Public Transport figures above. Please note this will also reduce the parking demand to 750 spaces as indicated by the extended ranges on the diagram. The timeline indicates potential ranges of modal split for private vehicle use and the derived car parking requirement. This applies irrespective of the type of fuel used for individual vehicles, which is acknowledged will change during the period of the vision. Framework Masterplan Masterplan 21 4.3.2 Green Infrastructure The principle role of Green Infrastructure is to: In accordance with the strategic site allocation and SODC policies relating to landscape and ecology, the green infrastructure proposals therefore • provide structural landscaping which addresses key visual seek to: impacts externally (in/out) and internally; • retain and bolster, plus extend the character of the • reinforce the spatial plan and create environmental amenity existing vegetated edge between the campus, the adjacent for users of the campus; countryside and Nuneham Park, to filter the views of the existing and proposed built form; • provide ecological protection, mitigation or enhancement in relation to the extensive development of the campus having • increase tree canopy cover and vegetation throughout particular regard for biodiversity and sustainability; the campus and along the boundaries to integrate the campus into the surrounding landscape by providing a The green infrastructure proposals aim to provide a resilient and robust (strengthened) green foil; ecological framework within which the functions of the Culham Campus can operate. Proposals are responsive to the existing and emerging • create a robust landscape structure which can character of the campus and its setting. Furthermore, proposals seek accommodate future development and incorporate to retain and bolster the distinctive elements of the existing green opportunities for positive view corridors at key gateway infrastructure, incorporate features which are responsive to the locality locations, to provide a soft landscape interface with and which are ecologically appropriate. and visual enhancements between the countryside, the adjacent strategic allocation and the campus; Key components of the Green Infrastructure, each assisting in delivering the above roles in different ways, include: • contribute towards the campus's varied biodiversity with the provision of sympathetic landscape features and habitat • new woodland belts; types which will contribute towards biodiversity. • linear tree belts; • provide verdant connectivity across the campus, incorporating existing and proposed vegetation to • understory planting; strengthen habitat corridors; • native hedgerows; • contribute towards an improved landscape character, sense of place and wellbeing, through enhancements to • long grassland / meadow. street scenes and key spatial foci, incorporating additional formal tree planting and creating integrated infrastructure In addition to the above, locations for biodiversity mitigation are strategies and multi-functional spaces; identified, and a framework is established for incorporating the green infrastructure principles into the emerging development plots, public • inform the structure for a Landscape and Ecology realm locations, key spatial foci and as part of the overall wellbeing Maintenance and Management Plan. This is to be strategy for the campus. prepared, as recommended by SODC Policy ENV5, to ensure the ongoing maintenance and management of the campus. Framework Masterplan Masterplan 22 GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT SUB-STRATEGIES, AIMS & OBJECTIVES Site Level Now Short-term (to 2025) Mid-term (to 2035) Long-term (up to 2050) Green Infrastructure Existing landscape features and habitat Facilitate / promote the retention and Robust vegetated framework established Vegetated framework maturing and well - landscape, ecology/ types include: bolstering of existing vegetation, through with an increase in canopy cover from established. biodiversity, visual the provision of characteristic landscape 2025. Vegetation provides continued visual impact/aesthetic, • small pockets of woodland; features and habitat types that will: enclosure assuming that buildings are no Canopy cover further increased. well-being etc. • linear tree belts; taller than 3 - 4 storey and that positive • areas of young woodland; • contribute towards the campus’ varied maturation of landscape proposals occurs Continued positive management and • scrub vegetation; biodiversity and character; from previous phase. replacement planting to ensure longevity of • parkland trees set within large • provide visual mitigation. landscape framework. amenity grassland areas; Further biodiversity offsetting • ornamental trees and shrub planting Accommodate biodiversity offsetting accommodated where possible, if and as Vegetation provides continued visual within more formal courtyards provision (where possible) which will required. enclosure. between buildings, plus; counteract landscape and visual residual • areas of long grassland. effects resulting from developments. High quality campus landscape High quality landscape character retained character further enhanced through and enhanced further through the The existing campus character will be the implementation of the internal implementation of the second phase of the With the exception of JET, existing views retained and enhanced, with the design landscape and areas of amenity. internal landscape and areas of amenity. of the campus are experienced from its of key spatial foci being responsive to Additional improvements to wellbeing immediate setting and local area. their setting. Improvements to wellbeing through the implementation of the positive Further biodiversity offsetting through the implementation of the positive circulation networks which cross the accommodated where possible, if and The campus is framed by a generous circulation networks which cross the campus and connect the built form and key as required. Improvements to wellbeing quantum of open space, which contributes campus and connect the built form and key spatial foci’s to the more naturalistic areas. maintained through the retention and to the existing visual aesthetic and sense of spatial foci’s to more naturalistic areas. bolstering of the positive circulation wellbeing. networks which cross the Culham Campus and connect the built form and key spatial foci’s to the more naturalistic areas. Framework Masterplan Masterplan 23 Green Infrastructure LEGEND Site Boundary Existing / Proposed Buildings (built, under construction or in design process) Proposed Buildings (not designed or built) New Local Plan Green Belt Boundary Structural Landscape Vegetation enhancing existing boundaries, consisting of a large mix of native trees and understorey. Enhancing existing vegetation with additional species in line with ecological recommendations. Internal Green Grid Linear landscape with ecological value creating connections between larger Green Infrasructure. These occur where space might be limited such as along pathways but will ultimately help to create corridors for wildlife. Landscape could be native hedgerows, ditches, tree avenues with grass maintained as meadows etc. Areas of Open Ecological Enhancement Landscape Areas where potential ecological enhancement could occur and be managed. Although some tree cover might be recommended these areas offer alternative habitat where structural landscape is not essential or in some cases even desirable. Mixed Infrastructure Area with the Potential to Include Culvert / Swale Realignment Formal Green Space Areas designed and managed formally with an emphasis on human activity and predominantly mown lawns for picnics and socialising etc. Proposed Native Hedge Sports Area Entrance / Exit Hard and Soft Landscape Spatial Foci Framework Masterplan Masterplan 24 4.3.3 Blue Infrastructure The role of blue infrastructure at the campus includes: Where space is constrained, sub-surface options for storage should be explored. Developments should be considering options such as • identifying drainage solutions that enable the planned permeable paving for car parks and external hardstanding in order development through likely changes to drainage to provide water quality benefits in addition to slowing the rainfall- requirements; runoff response time. • optimise the use of land by adapting drainage solutions Medium Term where appropriate; In the medium-term context of the Masterplan, new plot developments should continue to provide attenuation on-plot, • promote sustainable drainage solutions as part of the wider though SuDS options should be given consideration for conveying campus changes; flows before discharge to the existing surface water sewer network on-campus. Where possible, these new plot developments should • maximise the ecological value of drainage solutions, subject collectively drain via surface conveyance options (e.g. swales) to to the above. shared attenuation volumes before a combined discharge out of the campus, but this should not be considered essential. In addition, Drainage Proposals – Main Strategy opportunities for retrofitting SuDS in low-cost, low-risk locations As the campus already comprises a significant amount of existing should be considered, such as swales and rain gardens implemented development, the Masterplan should be implemented on the basis within soft landscaping and, in particular, along existing highways. that SuDS (sustainable urban drainage systems) will be incorporated where all new developments occur, moving towards a retrofit SuDS Long Term for the existing developments of the campus. In the long term, the retrofitting of SuDS throughout the wider campus is encouraged to provide greater amenity value, improve Short Term water quality and enhance flood resilience. This will comprise the In the short term, the drainage of surface water runoff should be removal of existing infrastructure and replacement with conveyance dealt with on a plot-by plot basis as new developments are brought features such as swales and rills. Where new pedestrianised routes forward. Existing recent developments on-campus have proposed through the campus are created, these should also comprise rain to attenuate surface water within the plot where required, with a gardens to collect surface water runoff from pavements. Rills can restricted discharge to the existing campus wide surface water be implemented around existing buildings to be fed by downpipes, sewer network. instead of taking roof drainage straight to a sewer. Water recycling options, such as the reuse of rainwater for wash basins, cisterns This is in-line with the NPPF, and current guidance from DEFRA and for landscaping should be implemented. Where existing car and CIRIA and should form the basis of any further short-term parks are being retained, these should be resurfaced to comprise developments. In general, new developments in the short term permeable paving. should be seeking to attenuate within the plot at surface level where possible, with options such as ponds and basins. Framework Masterplan Masterplan 25 BLUE INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT SUB-STRATEGIES, AIMS & OBJECTIVES Site Level Now Short-term (to 2025) Mid-term (to 2035) Long-term (up to 2050) Blue Infrastructure On-plot attenuation of new developments in More sustainable on-plot drainage. Identify Shared attenuation and conveyance to the Wider retrofitting of SuDS to capture (Surface Water - run- line with policy requirements. Discharge (no easy opportunities for introducing SuDS. sewer system via SuDS for new plots, potential existing buildings and infrastructure, off,rivers, aquifers, greater than existing) to continue to sewers New plot developments to continue utilising integration with ‘green infrastructure’. Potential offering greater reductions in runoff and etc.) where infiltration not possible. sewer system. Offer marginal reductions in contribution of ‘wetland’ provision. Identify easy further water quality benefits (e.g. new plots surface water runoff going beyond existing opportunities for retrofitting SuDS to existing and most existing). rates (e.g. new plots only). infrastructure. Greater reductions in surface water runoff and water quality improvements (e.g. new plots and some existing). Framework Masterplan Masterplan 26 Blue Infrastructure LEGEND Site Boundary Existing / Proposed Buildings (built, under construction or in design process) Proposed Buildings (not designed or built) Drainage Outfall Potential Long Term Opportunities Attenuation Areas Existing Culvert Route Potential Realigned Swale Corridor / Improved Culvert Swale Corridors / Rain gardens Framework Masterplan Masterplan 27 4.4 Placemaking Experience This section identifies what makes a great place in the context of the aspirations of the UKAEA for the campus to be a great place to work. It goes on to establish a Placemaking Framework with a series of Initial perceptions of a place can go a long key principles that underpin the Masterplan, to ensure these high level aspirations are met. Central to way to making it successful. If it is attractive, clean and makes the user feel safe, a level of this Placemaking Strategy is creating conditions that allow people to thrive. To achieve this ‘ Spatial comfort can be achieved which, in turn, can Foci’ are created which have a more intense character, with increased activity, legibility and social encourage stays to become longer and more interaction. This element is supported by enhanced user experience and increased connectivity all of frequent. which act to encourage sociability. These elements are focused on people, encouraging efficiency and interaction. It aims to accommodate vehicles and servicing, but for the Placemaking experience to allow Surrounding natural features or local such uses (and how these uses evolve), not to be dominated by them. character can also be utilised to help reinforce identity and morphology. What makes a Spatial Foci great place? Connectivity Connectivity A successful place must be well connected, Experience both internally and externally, allowing its users to go about their daily journeys efficiently and safely within a visually stimulating environment. Walking, and cycling Sociability should be encouraged with dedicated cycle lanes and ample seating along routes. Over time, vehicular routes and provisions (parking) should adapt accordingly to support ongoing sustainable travel targets. Sociability Spatial Foci Specific features of a place can contribute Within the Spatial Foci it is essential to to users feeling meaningfully involved as create opportunities that allow people to they interact with the environment over time. meet, sit and interact to nurturing a social This can either be the spaces in between environment. buildings, or the buildings themselves. It can encourage interaction, inspire creativity These Spatial Foci, not only act as individual and promote gender and ethnic equality. places of identity, but can give people a sense of pride in where they work/spend Access to the existing and enhanced time. on site sports facilities also provides a highly valuable means of promoting social interaction. Framework Masterplan Masterplan 28 Application of Placemaking principles to create a Connectivity Sustainable movement framework for the campus routes are established between the Spatial Foci with vehicular traffic utilising the existing runways. Northern Entrance Eastern Exit Sports Connectivity Experience Sociability Utilising Spatial Foci areas Campus Central to create a positive initial experience of the campus. Campus Green Spatial Foci Areas of Spatial Foci form around feature buildings and along key movement routes. Sociability Main Entrance/ Opportunities for social interaction are encouraged External visitor facilities within the Spatial Foci. Framework Masterplan Masterplan 29 PLACEMAKING FRAMEWORK DEVELOPMENT SUB-STRATEGIES, AIMS & OBJECTIVES Spatial Foci Now Short-term (to 2025) Mid-term (to 2035) Long-term (up to 2050) Campus Central Vehicular focused arrival space flanked by Campus Central implemented as part of the Additional connections to new buildings Additional connections made to the surface car parking on both sides. UKAEA Offices and R&D Building. within Campus Green area. development area to the north east. Campus Green Existing green space with occasional No anticipated change. Whole area is developed with replacement Complete Green Grid across the Campus. spillout and small social events from of existing buildings to create a larger campus restaurant. framed space that will become the Campus Green, activated with through movement and a larger Campus population. Main Entrance Traditional, vehicle and security focussed New Entrance Facility focusing on Further adaptation to reflect future access Further adaptation to reflect different entrance to 'works campus'. establishing a distinct destination with movements. access movements 95% PT or Active Travel active travel emphasis but providing for = far fewer vehicles, more people walking / private vehicle / bus movements. cycling. Sports An established Culham Sports and Social Ongoing enhanced sports and social Ongoing enhanced sports and social Ongoing enhanced sports and social Association (CSSA) organises a wide range activities and facilities on and off site activities and facilities on and off site activities and facilities on and off site of events and facilities. This utilises the as arranged by CSSA in response to as arranged by CSSA in response to as arranged by CSSA in response to existing on site sports pitch,outdoor gym employees interests. employees interests. employees interests. and new sports pavillion. Eastern Exit No exit from the secure campus available. Provision of a new site exit connecting to Further adaptation to reflect future access Further adaptation to reflect future access the New Clifton Hampden bypass. movements. movements. Green Grid Avenues Old runway structure functional for Improvements within the Campus Central Surface parking replaced with decked Avenues are completed alongside further movement but dominated with vehicles, car Area with a proposed shared surface and car parking closer to campus entrances. development parcels. parking and minimal ecological benefit. removal of surface car parking. Replaced with linear landscape consisting of dedicated cycle lanes, footpaths, SUDS network and avenue tree planting. Green Links Pedestrian movement limited to existing Future location of green Links used to New links created through Campus Green Green Links become a vital part of the avenues with illegible movement through determine development in this work stage. and Campus Central, creating a mesh of active movement around the campus and the centre of the campus. active movement through the campus. provide better connections to any future developments. Framework Masterplan Masterplan 30 Placemaking Framework 6 4 2 1 5 LEGEND Site Boundary Spatial Foci Main Entrance Eastern Exit 3 Northern Entrance Campus Central Campus Green Sports Green Grid Avenues Green Links X Key Placemaking Interventions Framework Masterplan Masterplan 31 1 Campus Central 4 Avenue 2 Campus Green 5 Green Links 3 Main Entrance 6 Eastern Exit Framework Masterplan Masterplan 32 Composite Masterplan LLEEGGEENNDD SSiittee BBoouunnddaarryy New Local Plan Green Belt Boundary Potential Land Transfer to OCC Existing / Proposed Buildings (built, under construction or in design process) Proposed Buildings (not designed or built) Post Jet Flexible Research and Development Zone Structure Planting Green Grid (Avenues and Green Links) / Canopy Walkway Internal Landscape / Amenity / Recreation Open Space / Potential for Biodiversity Enhancement / SUDS Mixed Infrastructure Area with the Potential to Include Culvert / Swale Realignment Places (Main Entrance / Campus Central / Campus Green / Eastern Exit) Potential Attenuation Areas Existing Culvert Route Potential Realigned Swale Corridor / Improved Culvert Potential Swale Corridors / Rain gardens Vehicular Access Routes Framework Masterplan Masterplan 33 6 * 2 5 1 The Future of the Campus 4 The UKAEA is evolving Culham Campus from a renowned international centre for fusion research and development into a major Campus to support a globally significant fusion technology cluster comprising organisations and facilities focussed on realising fusion energy to help address the world’s energy challenge. 3 The following pages illustrate the key placemaking interventions and the principles underpinning these. * R&D buildings to respond to future technology programmes are indicative. ** Decked car parking hubs are shown as car parking and are not shown as being re-purposed for a different use. Framework Masterplan Masterplan 34 Campus Central Campus Central will be the primary location in the campus and it will reflect the image of the campus and its importance on the world stage as the UK’s world leading centre for fusion technology and a key national asset. Central to this will be a large plaza that connects the existing and future UKAEA buildings, creating a vibrant public realm environment suited to working lives. People can park their bikes here, take refreshments and discuss their projects whilst looking out across the square. This space will be vibrant and active, it will be people focused, whilst allowing space for servicing and vehicular access. 5 Shared surface plaza connecting key UKAEA 1 buildings, creating public realm area and facilitating 4 the movement of people, cyclists and vehicles. 7 3 Cycle hubs created in intersection points on the 1 2 green grid. 5 Focal point central to space with art/sculpture 6 3 opportunity. Existing vegetation retained and incorporated into the 2 4 space. Seating areas located within the space provide 5 resting areas or places to mingle. Bespoke lighting masts provide vertical structure and 6 help to identify to the space. 3m wide cycle network segregated with bollards to 7 manage the safety of pedestrians and avoid conflict with vehicle use. Framework Masterplan Masterplan 35 7 4 1 6 3 5 2 Framework Masterplan Masterplan 36 Campus Green Campus Green will be a calm green space that offers a place to enjoy some tranquillity within the campus (it will be Culham Campus equivalent of the ‘University Quad’). The Green will be framed by the surrounding buildings and shaped by the wider Green Grid. The space will be developed with no car parks or vehicular movement and will create a multi-functional landscape capable of hosting events on some days whilst creating a lunchtime retreat on others. The designs will enhance existing connectivity across the centre of the campus through bold avenues, key vistas and geometric SUDS features that gather surface water and disperse it throughout the wider campus. New buildings that frame this space will be taller to create optimised density through increased height and enclosure - not via loss of open space. 4 Direct pedestrian movement routes permeate the area 1 through 'green' corridors, connecting buildings to main 5 car parking hubs and wider areas of the campus such as the restaurant and conference centre. 1 Lawn areas provide areas for small events with space 2 for marquees. 2 3 Spaces are organised through lines of tree planting. 3 New buildings are aligned on the existing campus 4 grid and geometry. Focal points in the landscape provide opportunity for 5 public art or bespoke wayfinding. Framework Masterplan Masterplan 37 4 1 2 3 Framework Masterplan Masterplan 38 Main Entrance The Main Entrance will create a much improved arrival experience for the campus. Striking vistas towards the new Main Gate building will be framed by the surrounding landscape, creating a representation for the UKAEA’s campus that is fit for a leading international centre for energy technology. The space will create a legible and direct route for pedestrians and cyclists, encouraging the use of sustainable transport in readiness for the improvements to Culham Train Station and the future allocated residential development to the west. New focal building creates important entrance 1 feature, reception and conference facility. 1 Key vistas from approach to main entrance 2 are framed and left unobstructed, aligned on 6 3 existing internal campus axis. New footpath and cycle connection creates 3 legible and direct route through the entrance experience whilst vehicles are taken on a more 2 indirect route round to the main security barriers. Focal points in the landscape provide 4 5 opportunity for public art or bespoke wayfinding. Car parking designed to incorporate existing 5 vegetation and environmentally sensitive 4 surfacing. 3m wide cycle network segregated with bollards 6 to manage the safety of pedestrians and avoid conflict with vehicle use. Framework Masterplan Masterplan 39 4 1 6 2 3 5 Framework Masterplan Masterplan 40 Avenue The avenues will continue to be the primary movement and infrastructure routes within the campus. As vehicular movements within the campus reduce, large swathes of surface car parking will be replaced with new tree lined movement routes, important surface water drainage systems and ecological corridors. The avenues will establish significant 4 walking, cycling and e-mode routes, they will be designed to gradually phase out the dominance of the vehicle, whilst always being able to accommodate these for access, servicing and 1 emergency use. The re-purposing of surface car parking (as reduced 1 over time) will serve a variety of functions, e.g. swales/ ecological diverse corridors. 2 Formal tree avenues are enhanced and create 2 hierarchy within the Masterplan of the campus. 5 Footpath and cycle lanes connect to decked car parks 3 and campus entrances encouraging active travel. 3 4 Pedestrian crossings are aligned with green links. 3m wide cycle network segregated with bollards 5 to manage the safety of pedestrians and avoid conflict with vehicle use. Framework Masterplan Masterplan 41 2 3 1 4 5 Framework Masterplan Masterplan 42 Green Links The Green Links will provide a pedestrian and biodiversity ‘mesh’ for movement throughout the campus, improving connectivity between buildings and key spaces. The alignment of the Green Links will create vistas onto important buildings, protect and enhance the campus infrastructure and improve the campus’s legibility. Distinct pedestrian routes created between the 1 existing Avenues. 3 Opportunities for blue infrastructure network to 2 carry surface water through swales. 1 Tree avenues create legibility within the campus and 3 divide up the Central Green landscape. 3m wide cycle network segregated with bollards 4 4 to manage the safety of pedestrians and avoid 2 conflict with vehicle use. Framework Masterplan Masterplan 43 3 1 2 4 Framework Masterplan Masterplan 44 Eastern Exit The Eastern Exit will facilitate the efficient exiting of the site by staff and visitors, whilst creating a high quality setting for major large scale fusion facilities. New building creates important feature and meeting / 1 amenity facility. 2 2 New Fusion Facility addressing a new square. Focal points in the landscape provide 3 opportunity for public art or bespoke wayfinding. 5 3 Car parking designed to incorporate 4 1 environmentally sensitive surfacing. 4 3m wide cycle network segregated with bollards 5 to manage the safety of pedestrians and avoid 6 conflict with vehicle use. 6 Highway signage Framework Masterplan Masterplan 45 2 3 3 1 5 4 6 5. TITLE Framework Masterplan Evolution 46 Section 5 Evolution 5.1. Three Stages of Evolution The following pages set out how the campus is anticipated to Short Term (By 2025) evolve over the three time periods established, providing a Masterplan and Visualisation for each time frame. The diagrams below simplify and explain the focus for each specific stage. • Office buildings at the western flank of the campus served by decked and surface car parks at key locations. • Step Rig Hall, Fusion Facility 1 and new exit at the east of the campus. • Enhanced pedestrian / cycle route along the Avenue. • ‘Main Entrance’ and ‘Campus Central’ as key spatial foci of the campus. • Structural planting along the perimeter of the campus. Framework Masterplan Evolution 47 Mid Term (By 2035) Long Term (By 2050) • Modal shift to allow for existing parking along the avenues to be gradually • Decked car parks to be re-purposed, subject to modal shift. replaced by green and blue infrastructure. • Research campus to be extended to the north. • Surface car parks to the south of the campus to be decked. • Existing buildings including JET to be removed / re-purposed to make way • Office buildings to the south flank. for future research zone. • Research, development and demonstration campus at the heart of the campus. • Green grid network and blue infrastructure to be fully established. • Fusion Facility 2 at the east of the campus. Framework Masterplan Evolution 48 Short Term To 2025 LEGEND Site Boundary New Local Plan Green Belt Boundary Potential Land Transfer to OCC Places A = Main Entrance B = Campus Central C = Eastern Exit Infrastructure Structure Planting Green Grid (Avenues and Green Links) / Canopy Walkway Internal Landscape / Amenity / Recreation Mixed Infrastructure Area with the Potential to Include Culvert / Swale Realignment Open Space / Potential for Biodiversity Enhancement / SUDS Existing Culvert Route Potential Realigned Swale Corridor / Improved Culvert Buildings Existing / Proposed Buildings (built, under construction or in design process) Proposed Buildings (not designed or built) Proposed Surface Parking (to become deck in the mid term) Building No / Name GIA Likely Date of (sqm) Completion C6 OAS 3 2474 2023 C7 UKAEA Office 6753 2024 C8 R&D Building 9000 tbc 2023 C9/C10 Car Parks 2024/5 G1 Entrance tbc 2024/5 S1/S6 Car Parks 2024/5 T1 STEP Rig Hall 2293 2024/5 B24 NFTP tbc 2022 C3 R&D Building Phase 2 - 9600 tbc B26 Local Car Parking Hub 2022 T2 Fusion Facility 14190 2024/5 B27 CAM Building 1500 2022/3 B28 Central Support Facility 3373 2024/5 Short Term Overall Area (~30.2Ha) Framework Masterplan Evolution 49 5.2. Short Term (to 2025): During the first period, the focus will be the main entrance, the western part of the main avenue, a new northern entrance, the development of the Step Rig Hall and a new Fusion Facility to the north east. Structural planting will be introduced to the perimeter of the campus and new parking hubs will be established. Campus Central will be established at the heart of the campus, including refreshing existing building façades and replacing parking spaces with a plaza. Fusion Facility STEP Rig Hall CSF CAM Local Parking Hub Secondary Exit Area NFTP OAS3 UKAEA Offices TBC Hub Parking R&D Building Entrance Hub Parking Framework Masterplan Evolution 50 Mid Term To 2035 LEGEND Site Boundary New Local Plan Green Belt Boundary Potential Land Transfer to OCC Places D = Campus Green Infrastructure Structure Planting Green Grid (Avenues and Green Links) / Canopy Walkway Internal Landscape / Amenity / Recreation Open Space / Potential for Biodiversity Enhancement / SUDS Potential Swale Corridors / Rain gardens Buildings Proposed Buildings (not designed or built) Building No / Name GIA (sqm) T3 Fusion Facility 2 14178 2 Miscellaneous 44000 Office / Research S3/S4/S5 Miscellaneous Office / 19575 Car Park (Subject to Modal Shift) * Flexible Footprint / Size / Shape S2 Potential S1 Car Park Extension Mid Term Overall Area (~12.6Ha) Framework Masterplan Evolution 51 5.3. Mid Term (2025 to 2035): As the short term interventions become established, parking along the avenues will be removed and replaced by green and blue infrastructure. This stage commences the re-development of existing buildings, with the E and F building groups being re-modelled to optimise density and provide additional accommodation and the Campus Green, which will establish a world class recreational open space at the centre of the Campus. Further development of Fusion Facilities take place to the north east, whilst surface car parks on the western and southern flanks will be decked and new office buildings introduced to the south flank. During this period the Green Grid (avenues and green links) will be expanded, including pedestrian and cycle routes and a green and blue infrastructure network. Framework Masterplan Evolution 52 Long Term To 2050 LEGEND Site Boundary New Local Plan Green Belt Boundary Potential Land Transfer to OCC Infrastructure Structure Planting Green Grid (Avenues and Green Links) / Canopy Walkway Internal Landscape / Amenity / Recreation Open Space / Potential for Biodiversity Enhancement / SUDS Potential Attenuation Areas Potential Swale Corridors / Rain gardens Buildings Proposed Buildings (not designed or built) Post Jet Flexible Research and Development Zone Building No / Name GIA (sqm) 1 Miscellaneous 36685 Office / Research 2 Research Zone 6Ha (Flexible) Long Term Overall Area (~17.4Ha) Framework Masterplan Evolution 53 5.4. Long Term (2035 to 2050): In the long term, JET and other existing buildings in Areas J and K are expected to be removed or re-purposed to provide new research, development and demonstration facilities expanding the role of the campus further. The green grid network and blue infrastructure will be fully established at this point and this could include incorporation of the culvert, possibly diverted or deculverted, into new green space in the vicinity of the new eastern exit. Modal shift may allow for decked car parks to be gradually replaced over this period by research and technology uses, and redevelopment of the D building group is anticipated as key existing fusion facilities reach the end of the current/foreseeable programmes and lifetimes. * * R&D buildings to respond to future technology programmes are indicative. Framework Masterplan Evolution 54 Short Term (to 2025) Framework Masterplan Evolution 55 Mid Term (2025 to 2035) Framework Masterplan Evolution 56 Long Term (to 2050) * ** ** ** * R&D buildings to respond to future technology programmes are indicative. ** Decked car parking hubs are shown as car parking and are not shown as being re-purposed for a different use. Masterplan document prepared by the UKAEA Development Planning Team: UKAEA Client Carter Jonas Planning and Estate Management BSP Consulting Transport Planning & Infrastructure Engineering Define Masterplanning Fabrik Landscape Lockhart Garrett Ecology Masterplan document produced by: Unit 6 | 133-137 Newhall Street | Birmingham | B3 1SF T: 0121 2371914 W: www.wearedefine.com