Ministry of Defence Defence Standard 59-411 Part 3 Issue 1 Publication Date 23 January 2007 Electromagnetic Compatibility Part 3 Test Methods and Limits for Equipment and Sub Systems Reprinted Incorporating Amendment 1 Dated 31st January 2008 DEF STAN 59-411 Part 3 Issue 1 Amdt 1 Unclassified ii Contents Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................xvii Introduction..................................................................................................................................................xviii 1 Scope ....................................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Man Worn / Man Portable Equipment..........................................................................................1 1.2 Line Replacement Units and Sub Systems ................................................................................1 1.3 Support Equipment .......................................................................................................................1 1.4 Performance Specification for Specialised EMC Test Equipment ...........................................1 2 Warning.................................................................................................................................................2 3 Related Documents .............................................................................................................................2 4 Abbreviations and Definitions............................................................................................................2 4.1 Abbreviations.................................................................................................................................2 4.2 Definitions......................................................................................................................................4 5 Format...................................................................................................................................................5 6 General Test Requirements ................................................................................................................5 6.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................5 6.2 Test Sites........................................................................................................................................5 6.3 Screened Rooms / Reverberation Chamber ...............................................................................5 6.3.1 Screened Room...........................................................................................................................5 6.3.2 Reverberation Chamber .............................................................................................................6 6.4 Ground Conducting Bench ..........................................................................................................7 6.5 Power Supply Filtering..................................................................................................................7 6.6 Power Supply Impedance.............................................................................................................7 6.7 Layout of EUT ................................................................................................................................8 6.7.1 Man Worn Equipment .................................................................................................................8 6.7.2 Man Portable Equipment............................................................................................................8 6.7.3 LRU's and Sub Systems.............................................................................................................8 6.8 Length and Arrangement of Connecting Leads to EUT ............................................................9 6.8.1 Man Worn / Man Portable Equipment (Annex A) .....................................................................9 6.8.2 LRUs & Sub Systems (Annex B) ...............................................................................................9 6.9 Bonding of EUT ...........................................................................................................................10 6.10 Ambient Electromagnetic Noise Levels....................................................................................11 6.11 Ground Loop Currents in Measuring Leads.............................................................................11 6.12 Input / Output Connections to the Equipment Under Test......................................................12 6.13 Modes of Operation of Equipment Under Test.........................................................................12 6.14 Test Frequency Selection...........................................................................................................12 6.15 Measurement Bandwidth / Detector Function..........................................................................12 6.16 Sweep Speeds and Plot Charts..................................................................................................13 DEF STAN 59-411 Part 3 Issue 1 Amdt 1 Unclassified iii 6.17 Measuring Receiver Accuracy ...................................................................................................14 6.18 Susceptibility Criteria .................................................................................................................14 6.19 Susceptibility Test Stimuli..........................................................................................................15 6.19.1 Modulation Requirements........................................................................................................15 6.19.1.1 Ship and Land Service Use......................................................................................................16 6.19.1.2 Air Service Use..........................................................................................................................16 6.19.2 Frequency Sweep Rates...........................................................................................................17 6.20 Operating Frequency of Equipment Under Test ......................................................................18 6.21 Current Probes ............................................................................................................................19 6.21.1 Emission Testing ......................................................................................................................19 6.21.2 Susceptibility Testing (RF).......................................................................................................19 6.21.3 Susceptibility Testing (Transients) .........................................................................................19 6.21.4 Test Jigs.....................................................................................................................................19 6.22 Antennas ......................................................................................................................................19 6.22.1 Antenna Calibration..................................................................................................................19 6.22.2 Emission Testing Nominal Frequency Range 20 Hz – 250 kHz H Field Radiation.............20 6.22.3 Emission Testing Nominal Frequency Range 14 kHz – 30 MHz, E Field Radiation ...........20 6.22.4 Emission Testing Frequency Range 1.6 MHz – 30 MHz Tuned Antenna (Land Service) ..21 6.22.5 Emission Testing Frequency Range 30 MHz – 88 MHz Tuned Antenna (Land Service) ...21 6.22.6 Emission Testing Nominal Frequency Range 25 MHz – 300 MHz E Field Radiation .........21 6.22.7 Emission Testing Nominal Frequency Range 200 MHz – 1 GHz E Field Radiation ...........21 6.22.8 Emission Testing Nominal Frequency Range 1 GHz – 18 GHz E Field Radiation..............22 6.22.9 Susceptibility Testing, Nominal Frequency Range 20 Hz – 150 kHz H Field Radiation ....22 6.22.10 Susceptibility Testing, Nominal Frequency Range 14 kHz – 30 MHz E Field Radiation....22 6.22.11 Susceptibility Testing, Nominal Frequency Range, 30 MHz – 18 GHz, E Field Radiation.22 6.22.12 Field Strength Monitoring ........................................................................................................22 6.23 Measuring Sets............................................................................................................................24 6.24 Measuring Cables........................................................................................................................24 6.25 Oscilloscope ................................................................................................................................24 6.26 Signal Sources/Power Amplifiers..............................................................................................24 6.27 Transient Generators..................................................................................................................24 6.28 Injection Transformers ...............................................................................................................24 6.29 Presentation of Results ..............................................................................................................25 6.30 Overload Precautions .................................................................................................................25 6.30.1 Measurement Receivers...........................................................................................................26 6.30.2 Active Antennas........................................................................................................................26 6.31 RF Safety of Personnel...............................................................................................................26 7 Classification of Equipment and Limits ..........................................................................................26 7.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................26 7.2 Equipment Types ........................................................................................................................27 7.3 Test Method Selection ................................................................................................................27 DEF STAN 59-411 Part 3 Issue 1 Amdt 1 Unclassified iv 7.4 Grading of Limits.........................................................................................................................28 7.4.1 Air Service Use..........................................................................................................................28 7.4.2 Sea Service Use ........................................................................................................................28 7.4.3 Land Service Use ......................................................................................................................29 7.5 Land Service Classifications......................................................................................................29 7.5.1 Class A limits.............................................................................................................................29 7.5.2 Class B limits.............................................................................................................................29 7.5.3 Class C limits.............................................................................................................................29 7.5.4 Class D limits.............................................................................................................................29 7.5.5 Differential Classifications.......................................................................................................29 8 Applicability Requirements...............................................................................................................30 9 Test Methods and Limits...................................................................................................................32 9.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................32 9.2 DCE01 Conducted Emission, Primary Power Lines 20 Hz – 150 MHz ...................................32 9.3 DCE02 Conducted Emission, Control, Signal Lines and Secondary Power Lines 20 Hz – 150 MHz ........................................................................................................................................32 9.4 DCE03 Exported Transients, Primary Power Lines .................................................................33 9.5 DCS01 Conducted Susceptibility, Primary Power Lines 20 Hz – 50 KHz ..............................34 9.6 DCS02 Conducted Susceptibility, Control, Signal and Power Lines 50 kHz – 400 MHz......34 9.7 DCS03 Conducted Susceptibility, Control and Signal Lines 20 Hz – 50 kHz........................35 9.8 DCS04 Imported Transient Susceptibility (Air Services) ........................................................35 9.9 DCS05 Externally Generated Transients (Land and Sea Services)........................................36 9.10 DCS06 Imported Long Transient Susceptibility AC and DC Systems (Land and Sea Services) ......................................................................................................................................37 9.11 DCS08 Externally Generated Transients (Air Services) ..........................................................37 9.12 DCS09 Imported Lightning Transient Susceptibility (Air Services).......................................38 9.13 DCS10 Electro Static Discharge (ESD)......................................................................................38 9.13.1 Purpose......................................................................................................................................38 9.13.2 Applicability...............................................................................................................................39 9.13.3 Test Equipment .........................................................................................................................39 9.13.4 Test Method...............................................................................................................................40 9.13.5 Limits..........................................................................................................................................41 9.14 DCS12 Imported Low Frequency Transient Susceptibility Power Lines (Sea Services).....43 9.15 DRE01 Radiated Emissions Electric (E) Field 10 kHz – 18 GHz .............................................43 9.16 DRE02 Radiated Emissions Magnetic (H) Field 20 Hz – 250 kHz ...........................................44 9.17 DRE03 Radiated Emissions Electric (E) Field Tuned Antenna (Land Service) 1.6 MHz – 88 MHz...............................................................................................................................................45 9.18 DRS01 Radiated Susceptibility Magnetic (H) Field 20 Hz – 100 kHz......................................46 9.19 DRS02 Radiated Susceptibility Electric (E) Field 10 kHz – 18 GHz........................................46 9.19.1 Alternative Method Using Reverberation Chamber (Air Services) ......................................48 9.20 DRS03 Magnetic Field (DC) Susceptibility................................................................................50 Annex A Test Methods and Limits for Man Worn / Man Portable Equipment..........................................51 DEF STAN 59-411 Part 3 Issue 1 Amdt 1 Unclassified v Annex A A.1 DCE02.A Conducted Emissions Control, Signal and Power Lines 500 Hz – 150 MHz.........51 A.1.1 Purpose......................................................................................................................................51 A.1.2 Applicability...............................................................................................................................51 A.1.3 Test Layout................................................................................................................................51 A.1.4 Test Method...............................................................................................................................51 A.1.5 Limits..........................................................................................................................................51 A.2 DCS02.A Conducted Susceptibility Control, Signal and Power Lines 50 kHz – 400 MHz ..54 A.2.1 Purpose......................................................................................................................................54 A.2.2 Applicability...............................................................................................................................54 A.2.3 Test Layout................................................................................................................................54 A.2.4 Test Method...............................................................................................................................54 A.2.5 Calibration .................................................................................................................................55 A.2.6 Equipment Test .........................................................................................................................55 A.2.7 Limits..........................................................................................................................................56 A.3 DCS10.A Electro Static Discharge (ESD)..................................................................................58 A.3.1 Purpose......................................................................................................................................58 A.4 DRE01.A Radiated Emissions E Field 88 MHz – 18 GHz .........................................................59 A.4.1 Purpose......................................................................................................................................59 A.4.2 Applicability...............................................................................................................................59 A.4.3 Test Layout................................................................................................................................59 A.4.4 Test Method...............................................................................................................................59 A.4.5 Limits..........................................................................................................................................59 A.5 DRE02.A Radiated Emissions Magnetic (H) Field 500 Hz – 250 kHz......................................64 A.5.1 Purpose......................................................................................................................................64 A.5.2 Applicability...............................................................................................................................64 A.5.3 Test Equipment .........................................................................................................................64 A.5.4 Test Layout................................................................................................................................64 A.5.5 Test Method...............................................................................................................................64 A.5.6 Limits..........................................................................................................................................64 A.6 DRE03.A Radiated Emissions Electric (E) Field (Land Services) Tuned Antenna 1.6 MHz – 88 MHz..........................................................................................................................................67 A.6.1 Purpose......................................................................................................................................67 A.6.2 Applicability...............................................................................................................................67 A.6.3 Test Equipment .........................................................................................................................67 A.6.4 Test Layout................................................................................................................................67 A.6.5 Test Method...............................................................................................................................67 A.6.5.1 Automatic Tuning .....................................................................................................................67 A.6.5.2 CNR HF Frequency Range (1.6 MHz to 30 MHz) ....................................................................68 A.6.5.3 VHF Frequency Range (30 MHz to 88 MHz)............................................................................68 A.6.6 Limits..........................................................................................................................................68 A.7 DRS01.A Radiated Susceptibility Magnetic (H) Field 500 Hz – 100 kHz ................................72 A.7.1 Purpose......................................................................................................................................72 DEF STAN 59-411 Part 3 Issue 1 Amdt 1 Unclassified vi A.7.2 Applicability...............................................................................................................................72 A.7.3 H Field Calibration ....................................................................................................................72 A.7.4 Test Layout................................................................................................................................72 A.7.5 Test Method...............................................................................................................................72 A.7.6 Limits..........................................................................................................................................72 A.8 DRS02.A Radiated Susceptibility Electric (E) Field 50 kHz – 18 GHz ....................................75 A.8.1 Purpose......................................................................................................................................75 A.8.2 Applicability...............................................................................................................................75 A.8.3 Test Layout................................................................................................................................75 A.8.4 Test Method...............................................................................................................................75 A.8.5 Limits..........................................................................................................................................75 Annex B Test Methods and Limits for LRU and Sub Systems ..................................................................80 B.1 DCE01.B Conducted Emissions on Primary Power Lines 20 Hz - 150 MHz..........................80 B.1.1 Purpose......................................................................................................................................80 B.1.2 Applicability...............................................................................................................................80 B.1.3 Test Layout................................................................................................................................80 B.1.4 Test Method...............................................................................................................................80 B.1.5 Limits..........................................................................................................................................80 B.2 DCE02.B Conducted Emissions Control, Signal and Secondary Power Lines 20 Hz – 150 MHz...............................................................................................................................................83 B.2.1 Purpose......................................................................................................................................83 B.2.2 Applicability...............................................................................................................................83 B.2.3 Test Layout................................................................................................................................83 B.2.4 Test Method...............................................................................................................................83 B.2.5 Limits..........................................................................................................................................83 B.3 DCE03.B Exported Transients Primary Power Lines...............................................................86 B.3.1 Purpose......................................................................................................................................86 B.3.2 Applicability...............................................................................................................................86 B.3.3 Test Layout................................................................................................................................86 B.3.4 Test Method...............................................................................................................................86 B.3.5 Contactor Validation.................................................................................................................86 B.3.6 Tests for Land Service Use (DC and AC Systems)................................................................86 B.3.6.1 Test Limits For Land Service Use (28 Volt DC Systems)......................................................87 B.3.6.1.1 Contactor Switching:......................................................................................................................87 B.3.6.1.2 Functional Switching:.....................................................................................................................87 B.3.6.2 Test Limits For Land Service Use (240 Volt AC Systems)....................................................87 B.3.6.2.1 Contactor Switching (Measurement at the EUT) .........................................................................87 B.3.6.2.2 Functional Switching (Measurements at the LISN) .....................................................................88 B.3.7 Tests for Sea Services Use (DC and AC)................................................................................88 B.3.7.1 Test Limits for Sea Services Use (DC Systems)....................................................................88 B.3.7.1.1 Contactor Switching (Measurement at the EUT) .........................................................................88 B.3.7.1.2 Functional Switching (Measurements at the LISN) .....................................................................89 DEF STAN 59-411 Part 3 Issue 1 Amdt 1 Contents Summary (Pages vii to xvi): - Annex B (Continued): Sections B.3.7.2 through B.20 covering detailed test methods, layouts, and limits for DCE01.B, DCE02.B, DCE03.B, DCS01.B, DCS02.B, DCS03.B, DCS04.B, DCS05.B, DCS06.B, DCS08.B, DCS09.B, DCS10.B, DCS12.B, DRE01.B, DRE02.B, DRE03.B, DRS01.B, DRS02.B (including reverberation chamber alternative method), and DRS03.B. - Annex C: Performance Specification for Specialised Test Equipment (Generators, Injection Probes, Calibration Jigs, Monitor Loops, Voltage Probes, LISN, Screened Room Damping Performance Verification Procedure, and Antenna Calibration). - List of Figures: Figures 1 through 141 detailing test setups, limit graphs, and calibration layouts. - List of Tables: Tables 1 through 34 detailing measurement bandwidths, sweep rates, test levels, limits, and calibration parameters. DEF STAN 59-411 Part 3 Issue 1 Amdt 1 Unclassified xvii Foreword AMENDMENT RECORD Amdt No 1: The following clauses have been updated: Clause 6.1, 6.2, 6.3.1, 6.4, 6.7.2, 6.18, 9.5, 9.7, 9.11, 9.12, 9.15, 9.16, 9.19, A.2.3, A.5.5, B.4, B.11.3, B.13, B.18.5, B.20, C.2.1, C.2.2, C.6, C.7.2, & C.8.4. Figure 3 deleted remainder renumbered. Figures 14, 15, 17, 34, 36, 49, 53, 62, 94, 98, 108, 115, 116, 117 & 126 updated. New Table 2 remainder renumbered. Tables 5, 13 & 25 updated. References to 'DCSA DE3A' changed to 'DE&S DE3A'. REVISION NOTE This part of the standard is raised to Issue 1 Amendment 1 to update its content. HISTORICAL RECORD This standard supersedes: - Defence Standard 59-41 Part 3 Section 1 Issue 2 (Published 5 April 1999) - Defence Standard 59-41 Part 3 Section 2 Issue 2 (Published 5 April 1999) - Defence Standard 59-41 Part 3 Section 3 Issue 1 (Published 16 May 2003) - Defence Standard 59-41 Part 5 Issue 3 (Published 5 February 2003) - Defence Standard 59-411 Part 3 Issue 1 Addendum 1 (31 August 2007) a) This standard provides requirements for Ministry of Defence (MOD) Project Officers and defence contractors to assist them in the specification and selection of Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Test Methods and Limits for Sub Systems to limit unintentional electromagnetic propagation and coupling. b) This standard has been produced on behalf of the Defence Material Standardization Committee (DMSC) by Defence Equipment & Support (DE&S) Defence Electromagnetic Environment Effects Authority (DE3A). DEF STAN 59-411 Part 3 Issue 1 Amdt 1 Unclassified xix Introduction Electromagnetic compatibility is defined as the ability of electrical and electronic equipment, sub-systems and systems to share the electromagnetic spectrum and perform their desired functions without unacceptable degradation from or to the specified electromagnetic environment. The contractor shall take into account the EMC characteristics of all proprietary equipment procured by MOD to ensure compliance with EC EMC Directives. Where equipment needs to operate in a military environment, Defence Standard 59-411 shall be invoked. This standard is to be read in conjunction with: - Def Stan 59-411 Part 1: Management and Planning - Def Stan 59-411 Part 2: The Electric, Magnetic and Electromagnetic Environment - Def Stan 59-411 Part 4: Platform and System Test and Trials - Def Stan 59-411 Part 5: Code of Practice for Tri-Service Design and Installation DEF STAN 59-411 Part 3 Issue 1 Amdt 1 Unclassified 1-2 1 Scope This part of the Defence Standard defines the preferred techniques to be used for measurement of EMC characteristics to limit the propagation and coupling of unintentional electromagnetic energy for Man Worn/Man Portable Equipment, Line Replacement Units (LRUs), Sub-Systems, and Support Equipment. 1.1 Man Worn / Man Portable Equipment: Annex A describes test techniques and limits. 1.2 Line Replacement Units and Sub Systems: Annex B describes applicable tests. 1.3 Support Equipment: See Part 1. 1.4 Performance Specification for Specialised EMC Test Equipment: Annex C specifies requirements for transient/pulse generators, injection probes, calibration jigs, voltage probes, LISNs, and screened room damping. 2 Warning Users are subject to UK and European Health and Safety at Work legislation. Compliance with this standard does not absolve statutory and legal responsibilities. DEF STAN 59-411 Part 3 Issue 1 Amdt 1 Unclassified 2-4 Key Abbreviations include: - AAMTU: Automatic Antenna Matching and Tuning Unit - BCI: Bulk Current Injection - CNE: Comparison Noise Emitter - DCE: Defence Conducted Emission - DCS: Defence Conducted Susceptibility - DRE: Defence Radiated Emission - DRS: Defence Radiated Susceptibility - EUT: Equipment Under Test - LISN: Line Impedance Stabilising Network - NEMP: Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse - NSIL: Normalised Site Insertion Loss DEF STAN 59-411 Part 3 Issue 1 Amdt 1 Unclassified 5-26 6.1 Introduction: Laboratory measurement uncertainty must follow UKAS M3003, LAB12, and LAB34. Tolerance on dimensions is ±5% unless specified. 6.3 Screened Rooms / Reverberation Chamber: Screened rooms must meet NSIL requirements (Annex C) and maintain ambient noise ≥6 dB below limit curves. 6.4 Ground Conducting Bench: Solid copper (min thickness 0.25 mm), minimum area 2.25 m², height 0.9 m ±0.05 m above RAM floor, bonded to enclosure wall with resistance ≤2.5 mΩ. 6.6 Power Supply Impedance: LISN required in series with each conductor (50 Ω termination, VSWR <1.25). 6.7 Layout of EUT: Defines positioning for Man Worn (1.8 m non-conducting manikin), Man Portable (0.45 m non-conducting bench), and LRUs (100 mm from bench front edge, 1 m LISN lead length). 6.15 Measurement Bandwidth / Detector Function: Table 1 impulse bandwidths; peak detector required (except average for DRE01.B Land Class A). 6.18 Susceptibility Criteria: Defines Performance Criteria A, B, C, and D based on equipment criticality (Table 2). 6.19 Susceptibility Test Stimuli: Modulation requirements for CW, AM, and Pulsed CW for Land, Sea, and Air services. DEF STAN 59-411 Part 3 Issue 1 Amdt 1 Unclassified 26-29 7.2 Equipment Types: - Type 1: Electronic components (subject to all test methods). - Type 2: Motors, generators, electromechanical units (emissions and transient tests). - Type 3: Relays, solenoids, transformers (transient tests and DRE02 power frequency magnetic emission). 7.4 - 7.5 Service Classifications and Grading: - Air Service: Graded based on safety/mission criticality. - Sea Service: 'Below decks' and 'Above decks' limits; Table 6 for Land-based Sea services. - Land Service: Class A (<2 m separation from antenna), Class B (2-15 m), Class C (15-100 m), Class D (>100 m). DEF STAN 59-411 Part 3 Issue 1 Amdt 1 Unclassified 30-31 Table 7 - Man Worn / Man Portable Equipment Test Methods (Annex A): - DCE02.A (Conducted Emissions, 500 Hz – 150 MHz) - DCS02.A (Conducted Susceptibility, 50 kHz – 400 MHz) - DCS10.A (ESD) - DRE01.A (Radiated Emissions E-Field, 88 MHz – 18 GHz) - DRE02.A (Radiated Emissions H-Field, 500 Hz – 250 kHz) - DRE03.A (Radiated Emissions E-Field Tuned Antenna, 1.6 MHz – 88 MHz) - DRS01.A (Radiated Susceptibility H-Field, 500 Hz – 50 kHz) - DRS02.A (Radiated Susceptibility E-Field, 50 kHz – 18 GHz) Table 8 - EUT and Sub System Test Methods (Annex B): - DCE01.B, DCE02.B, DCE03.B, DCS01.B, DCS02.B, DCS03.B, DCS04.B, DCS05.B, DCS06.B, DCS08.B, DCS09.B, DCS10.B, DCS12.B, DRE01.B, DRE02.B, DRE03.B, DRS01.B, DRS02.B, DRS03.B. DEF STAN 59-411 Part 3 Issue 1 Amdt 1 Unclassified 32-50 Detailed guidance, technical rationale, and general procedures for individual test methods (DCE01 through DRS03), addressing power lines, signal cables, transients (switching, NEMP, lightning, ESD), and radiated field parameters. DEF STAN 59-411 Part 3 Issue 1 Amdt 1 Unclassified 51-79 Specific test setups, procedures, and limit graphs for Man Worn and Man Portable equipment across DCE02.A, DCS02.A, DCS10.A, DRE01.A, DRE02.A, DRE03.A, DRS01.A, and DRS02.A. DEF STAN 59-411 Part 3 Issue 1 Amdt 1 Unclassified 80-165 Detailed specifications, setups, waveforms, and limits for LRUs and subsystem EMC testing across Air, Land, and Sea services (B.1 DCE01.B through B.20 DRS03.B). DEF STAN 59-411 Part 3 Issue 1 Amdt 1 Unclassified 166-199 Mandatory hardware requirements, calibration jigs, injection probes, LISN design, screened room damping validation procedures, and LPDA antenna correction factors. ©Crown Copyright 2006 Copying Only as Agreed with DStan Defence Standards are Published by and Obtainable from: Defence Procurement Agency An Executive Agency of The Ministry of Defence UK Defence Standardization Kentigern House, 65 Brown Street, GLASGOW G2 8EX DStan Helpdesk: Tel 0141 224 2531/2 | Fax 0141 224 2503 | [email protected] File Reference: D/DSTAN/59/411/1