Primary Intelligence Asset
Pakistan nuclear weapons, 2023
Declassified Public record OCR verified
INTEL
Executive Summary
This Nuclear Notebook report provides an assessment of Pakistan's nuclear arsenal in 2023, estimating a stockpile of approximately 170 warheads that could realistically grow to around 200 by the late 2020s. It details Pakistan's evolving nuclear posture under its 'full spectrum deterrence' doctrine, examining land-, air-, and sea-based delivery systems, fissile material production facilities, and missile garrisons. The report highlights ongoing modernization efforts, developments in tactical and long-range systems, and regional strategic dynamics with India.
Analysis Confidence: High
ST_CODE: NS2023
System Metadata
Source ID
DOC-PAKISTAN
Process Date
Public archive record
Integrity Hash
SHA256-PAKISTANNUCL...
Indexer Status
COMPLETE
Initializing_Secure_Viewer...
Full Transcript
Transcript
Page 1 of 15
Page 1 - Citation & Article Info
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rbul20
Pakistan nuclear weapons, 2023
Hans M. Kristensen, Matt Korda & Eliana Johns
To cite this article: Hans M. Kristensen, Matt Korda & Eliana Johns (2023) Pakistan nuclear weapons, 2023, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 79:5, 329-345, DOI: 10.1080/00963402.2023.2245260
To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/00963402.2023.2245260
Published online: 10 Sep 2023.
Submit your article to this journal
Article views: 601
View related articles
View Crossmark data
Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rbul20
Frequently Asked Questions
What is this document? ▾
This Nuclear Notebook report provides an assessment of Pakistan's nuclear arsenal in 2023, estimating a stockpile of approximately 170 warheads that could realistically grow to around 200 by the late 2020s. It details Pakistan's evolving nuclear posture under its 'full spectrum deterrence' doctrine,...