The Research Supervisor of Institute - Ivan N. Onishchenko, Corr. Member of NAS of Ukraine, Dr. Sc. (physics & mathematics) Telephone: 38 (057) 335-66-11 e-mail: [email protected] Fundamental and applied aspects of plasma electronics and new methods of charged particle acceleration, development of beam and beam-plasma technologies. Physics of charged beam-plasma interaction. Design and construction of super-high pulsed, quasi-continuous sources of regular and irregular electromagnetic radiation. Construction of high-current accelerators of electrons and ions for the use in beam-controlled fusion and applied economic problems. Fundamental problems of the diffraction theory, integral equations of electrodynamics and interaction of electromagnetic waves with non-stationary media. Study of interaction of intense flows of charged particles, regular and stochastic electromagnetic and ionizing radiation with material media and medical-biological objects. Research of physical properties of nonequilibrum plasma-chemical reactors, isotope separators for ecologically clean technologies. Development of physics of heavy charged particle accelerators. Designing of a linear collective continuous accelerator for electronuclear production of energy and transmutation of radioactive wastes. Research of processes of heat exchange and stimulated desorption in cryovacuum systems. Devised is the theory of nonrelativistic and relativistic plasma electronics, i.e., the distinctly formed domain of plasma physics related to fundamental properties of plasma, oscillatory and wave processes in it, diverse instabilities, stochasticity and turbulence of plasma, important applications. New types of slowing structures are offered and investigated. They combine the advantages of traditional vacuum systems and plasma systems, being the structures with plasma filling of the transit channel (hybrid systems). This has made possible new-type beam-plasma generators and amplifiers of both regular and broadband stochastic oscillations of continuous- and quasicontinuous-wave mode (metric- to centimeter- wave bands). Stochastic radiation powers up to tens of kilowatts in a continuous-wave mode and higher than 100 kW in a pulse mode with high electronic efficiency (up to 50%) are obtained. The effect of plasma filling on the spectral characteristics of radiation is investigated both by the theory and experiment. A device of relativistic microwave electronics - virtod is designed and constructed, allowing a wide-range control of the parameters of high-power microwave radiation of ultra-short pulse duration (USPD) with a 160-600 MW pulse power in the operating-frequency range between 3 and 10 GHz. Pulsed high-current relativistic electron accelerators gave rise to a number of superhigh-power (up to 10^9 W) wide-band microwave oscillators (relativistic carsinotrons, magnetrons, vircators, ubitrons). It has been confirmed experimentally that intense waves can be excited in a plasma and combined plasma waveguides by high-current relativistic electron beams (power above 600 MW is attained). Experiments are performed to investigate effects of coherent electron beam-plasma interaction in a delayed-feedback traveling-wave oscillator. Induced coherent scattering of plasma waves by a relativistic electron beam is considered. This consideration has resulted in designing a free-electron laser with a plasma wiggler (undulator), where electromagnetic or electrostatic waves generated in plasma serve the purpose. Fundamental theoretical and experimental investigations of a new source of a X-ray beam are performed. The source is based on parametric X-ray radiation from relativistic charged particles moving through a crystal. Investigative techniques are first offered and realized to study quantitative relationships between the characteristics of elementary effects of spontaneous moving-charge emission and the parameters of corresponding quantitative radiation instabilities of intense flows of the mentioned charges. This method has been efficient in identifying the mechanisms of a number of such instabilities. Upgraded proton accelerator with a high-frequency quadrupole focusing "URAL-5" on an energy 5 MeV and current 30 mA is in constant operation. The accelerator is applied in researches on new methods of acceleration and development of new methods of a plasma focusing of charged particles. Analytical criteria of dynamic chaos development in wave-particle and wave-wave interactions are elaborated. On the basis of these criteria new mechanisms of excitation of stochastic oscillations and direct fast heating of plasma by laser fields are proposed. A linear plasma inductive accelerator of electrons and ions is devised and constructed for controlled-fusion studies with heavy ion beams and for investigating the influence of high-current ion beams on condensed media. Small-sized high-current accelerators of electrons and ions with inductive storage and plasma opening switches with a current of a beam up to 150 kA are developed. Researches on collective acceleration of ions by an electron beam with energy up to 1 MeV, current up to 15 kA and pulse duration about 20 ns are performed. A beam of carbon ions with energy of 20-40 MeV, current 10-20 A and pulse duration of 10-20 ns is obtained. Acceleration times and lengths are determined. Acceleration rate about 2.5-3.5 MV/m is achieved. The physical concept is based and equipment design is developed for two-beam electron-ion accelerator based on anomalous and normal Doppler effects to accelerate intense ion beams. Theoretical and experimental research and 2,5-dimensional numerical simulation are performed for wakefield excitation in a plasma by a single bunch and a periodic sequence of relativistic electron bunches. Mechanisms of stochastic plasma action on both the ionospheric plasma of the Earth and the outer space are investigated. High efficiency of the effect is demonstrated for plasma parameters modification with the aims of creating artificial ionized formations, ozone reproduction in upper atmosphere, formation of waveguiding channels to transport energy between space vehicles and for superdistant radio communication, monitoring and investigation of ionosphere physics. New method is elaborated to solve diffraction problems on the basis of integral equations of macroscopic electrodynamics. A new types of linear small-sized accelerators of protons, deuterons and alpha-particles on the basis of H-resonators with a modified alternating-phase focusing are offered and practically realized. The engineering project of a large material engineer linear accelerator of protons (energy of protons 100 MeV, pulse current 100 kA) is developed, the systems HF-sources, cooling and exact thermostatic control, vacuum system of it initial part on 22.5 MeV are created. Reconstruction of the linear multiply-charged ion accelerator LUMZI-10 is completed. Resource-saving technologies of manufacturing track (nuclear) membranes are improved for ultra- and micro-filtration of gaseous and liquid substances. Proposals are worked out to implement the optimum scheme of electronuclear waste, the new type of the high-power linear proton accelerator on high energies of a continuous operation is proposed. New methods of separating isotopes of different chemical elements are devised and investigated. A unique complex of test beds is devised and experiments are made to investigate the effects of intense microwave-radiation fields and the electromagnetic ultrashort pulse on various physical objects - materials, radioelectronic equipment, medical-biological environments and crops. A new type of economic low-temperature plasma-chemical reactor to produce various chemical substances was developed. Unique highly effective reactors of ozone synthesis on atmospheric pressure glow discharge (productivity from 1 to 300 gO3/hour) were created. The investigations of new "green" ozone technologies for agriculture (increase of harvesting of seeds at 10-15 %), food-processing industry, medicine, systems of drinking water treatment are carried out. The equipment for electroinfluence of oil-products was created. A high temperature dependence of conductivity from temperature in a certain temperature range was founded. For fusion reactors and installations, using cryopumping, the thechnology of fast regeneration of cryopumps, both as condensationic and cryosorbtion ones, with using of electromagnetic and corpuscular radiations was created. A special neon cryopumping system for vacuum technologies with great heat-mass release is created. The equipment and technology of volume - surface modifications of materials with influence of electron - plasma pulses in the substance were created. The technology of a polishing of single crystal surfaces without violation of a crystalline structure of an surface layer is developed.