Accelerating the world’s transition to fusion energy © Fuse Energy Technologies At Fuse, it’s about experimental results. While in stealth mode for the last 3 years, we’ve built and operated a low density flow through z-pinch for 2000+ shots: MU MU Average Neutron Yield © Fuse Energy Technologies MU is the first and only fusion device producing thermonuclear neutrons in Canada © Fuse Energy Technologies ABOUT FUSE - MU Magical Unicorn: MU World’s most advanced low density flow through Z-pinch • Based on the Marshall Gun experiment produced at Los Alamos in the 1960s succeeded by the work at the University of Washington • Demonstrates novel plasma injection technology • Study Platform for the stabilization of low density plasma pinch • 20+ patents filed on the concept • Validates organization’s subsystems capability: 1 4 1 Capacitor banks 1 Power electronics 2 5 2 Gas mixing 2 Control systems 3 6 3 Plasma sources 3 Diagnostics © Fuse Energy Technologies Learning: Low density Z-pinch generators show limitations World’s most advanced low density flow through Z-pinch ● Current vs Yield Scaling Law ● Typically for Z-pinch generators, the neutron yield (Y) is proportional to the current (I) such that : Y ∝ I3.3-5 ● Peer-reviewed theory led us to believe that Y ∝ I11 may be possible if a sheared flow can stabilize the pinch leading to perfect adiabatic compression with a given set of plasma parameters ● Experimenting with the idea that a quasi-steady-state linear density and an optimized shear profile will lead to that scaling, we learned experimentally that the scaling is limited to I3.3-6.6 ● Engineering fusion “Q” ● Maximum achieved from MU: Q = ~10-8 eng With the current scaling law & Q results, we lost faith in Low Density Z-pinch Generators eng © Fuse Energy Technologies What do we mean by Q ? eng Total energy input into the system going “all the way back to the plug” divided by the total energy output. How do we calculate Q for MU: eng 1. Run device with D-D 2. Count neutrons 3. Multiply the number by 100x (generous assuming full theoretical cross-section occurring for D-T) (knowing that a D-T fusion reaction produces 17.6 MeV) 4. Calculate the total fusion energy output: Yield (neutrons / shot) * D-T reaction energy (17.6 MeV) * 1.6x10-19 (to convert to Joules). 5. Divide by total energy input We believe that MU is the most efficient low density flow through z-pinch with Q = ~10-8 eng © Fuse Energy Technologies It’s all about results. So, what’s next? © Fuse Energy Technologies Fusion Metrics that matter Focusing on the results that matter. 1 2 3 The Triple Product = n x T x t Energy Gain (“Q”) Neutron Production E n = Plasma Density Q Commercial (“Q ”) = E / C Yield = Measured in Neutrons / C V T second E = Market Energy Value v T = Plasma Temperature C = Total Cost of Energy Flux = Measured in Neutrons / cm2 / T second 𝛕 = Plasma Confinement Time Q Engineering (“Q ”) = E / E E E F T E = Total Energy Output F E = Total Energy Input T Q Scientific (“Q ”) = E / E S F P E = Total Energy Output F E = Only Plasma Energy P Input © Fuse Energy Technologies Fusion Types – By Plasma Confinement Approach There are three major types of plasma confinement with numerous “subtypes” Continuous Power Pulsed Power Short Pulse Plasma Confinement Time Long Pulse High Density Plasma Density Low Density MCF MIF ICF Magnetic Confinement Magneto – Inertial Inertial Confinement Utilizes Magnetic force to heat (thru Utilizes MCF or ICF (or both) to achieve Utilizes Inertia of Plasma to produce shock wave acceleration & compression) and contain intermediate density of Plasma. to heat and compress Plasma to achieve plasma to achieve low density Plasma. ultra-high density of Plasma. • Shockwave • Tokamak • Stabilized Compressed Liner • Liner Compression • Stellarator • Plasma Jet Driven (PJMIF) • Target Implosion • Spheromak • Z-Pinch • Laser • Field Reversed Configuration • Polywell • Beam Target (IECF) © Fuse Energy Technologies Industry Results Most results are from governments and in MCF or ICF. All intermediate density concepts have a large delta Goal = 20-30 Goal > 1.0E+20 Goal = 20-30 Goal > 1.0E+20 © Fuse Energy Technologies Fuse’s Next 12-month Mission © Fuse Energy Technologies Fuse is building the world's highest energy pulsed power fusion generator among private companies © Fuse Energy Technologies 15 Objective: Produce 10 D-T thermonuclear neutrons from a novel, high density Z-pinch generator © Fuse Energy Technologies Scientific Advisors Shepherded by some of the world’s best minds to achieve our mission DR. ANDREI SMOLYAKOV DR. SING LEE DR. SHANTI RAO DR. MICHAEL BRADLEY •Professor, Univ Saskatchewan •60+ years of experience •Physicist at JPL •PhD, Physics - MIT •Ph.D – Moscow Institute of on plasma focus & pinch •PhD, Physics - Caltech •Assistant Prof. U of Physics & Technology devices. Emeritus Saskatchewan •Visiting Fellow, Isaac Newton professor Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Univ of Cambridge DR. CARLOS DR. LENAIC COUEDEL DR. CHIJIN XIAO DR. EMILE CARBONE ROMERO-TALAMAS •Professor, Univ Saskatchewan •Professor, Univ Saskatchewan •Group Leader at Max •Associate Professor at •French National Centre for •Ph.D – Plasma Physics Planck Institute of Plasma University of Maryland, Scientific Research Physics Baltimore County •Research Professor at INRS •PhD, Physics - Caltech © Fuse Energy Technologies ABOUT FUSE - MU Partners in Canada Accelerating and compounding our rate of learning and understanding through tight collaborations with leading Canadian institutions. We continue to look for impactful partners! In assessment phase for licensing of our University of Saskatchewan reactor with the CNSC Simulation, Plasma & Optical Diagnostics Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique Laser & X-Ray Diagnostics for high density plasma © Fuse Energy Technologies We’re hiring! Please check out: careers.f.energy Please reach out: [email protected] © Fuse Energy Technologies