glossary:liquid-helium
CONCEPT dossier

Liquid Helium

Glossary term: Liquid Helium

CONCEPT Fusion Physics

01 Executive_Summary

Helium cooled below its boiling point (4.2 K at atmospheric pressure), used as a cryogenic coolant for superconducting magnets. Superconducting magnets in fusion devices (including HTS and LTS systems) require cryogenic temperatures to maintain zero electrical resistance. Liquid helium logistics — production, transport, and storage — are a significant operational cost for fusion facilities.

02 Definition

Helium cooled below its boiling point (4.2 K at atmospheric pressure), used as a cryogenic coolant for superconducting magnets. Superconducting magnets in fusion devices (including HTS and LTS systems) require cryogenic temperatures to maintain zero electrical resistance. Liquid helium logistics — production, transport, and storage — are a significant operational cost for fusion facilities.

Related terms: High-Temperature Superconductor Cryogenic Logistics Magnetic Confinement Fusion

03 Deep_Dive_Intelligence

Overview

Helium cooled below its boiling point (4.2 K at atmospheric pressure), used as a cryogenic coolant for superconducting magnets. Superconducting magnets in fusion devices (including HTS and LTS systems) require cryogenic temperatures to maintain zero electrical resistance. Liquid helium logistics — production, transport, and storage — are a significant operational cost for fusion facilities.

Role: Glossary term: Liquid Helium

Entity Type: Concept — Liquid Helium is a technical concept or theoretical framework.

Technical Definition

Helium cooled below its boiling point (4.2 K at atmospheric pressure), used as a cryogenic coolant for superconducting magnets. Superconducting magnets in fusion devices (including HTS and LTS systems) require cryogenic temperatures to maintain zero electrical resistance. Liquid helium logistics — production, transport, and storage — are a significant operational cost for fusion facilities.

Related Concepts: High-Temperature Superconductor, Cryogenic Logistics, Magnetic Confinement Fusion

05b Related_Topics (1)

Directed Energy
usa → russia → china → israel → uk → germany → france → japan →

07 Key_Findings

  • ▸ Role: Glossary term: Liquid Helium
  • ▸ Entity Type: Concept — Liquid Helium is a technical concept or theoretical framework.
  • ▸ Related Concepts: High-Temperature Superconductor, Cryogenic Logistics, Magnetic Confinement Fusion

10 FAQ

What is Liquid Helium? ▾
Helium cooled below its boiling point (4.2 K at atmospheric pressure), used as a cryogenic coolant for superconducting magnets. Superconducting magnets in fusion devices (including HTS and LTS systems) require cryogenic temperatures to maintain zero electrical resistance. Liquid helium logistics — production, transport, and storage — are a significant operational cost for fusion facilities.
What role does Liquid Helium play in the research network? ▾
Liquid Helium is classified under the "Fusion Physics" category, serving as Glossary term: Liquid Helium. Helium cooled below its boiling point (4.2 K at atmospheric pressure), used as a cryogenic coolant for superconducting magnets. Superconducting magnets in fusion devices (including HTS and LTS...
What evidence supports the Liquid Helium assessment? ▾
The intelligence assessment for Liquid Helium is supported by 4 primary sources. Key sources include "Liquid helium - Wikipedia", "Cryogenics - ITER", and "Cycle design for a cryogenic refrigeration system for FED with Forced-Flow Superfluid Helium through internally cooled conductors". These documents provide the evidentiary basis for the analysis.
What is the technical definition of Liquid Helium? ▾
Helium cooled below its boiling point (4.2 K at atmospheric pressure), used as a cryogenic coolant for superconducting magnets. Superconducting magnets in fusion devices (including HTS and LTS systems) require cryogenic temperatures to maintain zero electrical resistance. Liquid helium logistics — production, transport, and storage — are a...
What is the physics behind Liquid Helium? ▾
Helium cooled below its boiling point (4.2 K at atmospheric pressure), used as a cryogenic coolant for superconducting magnets. Superconducting magnets in fusion devices (including HTS and LTS systems) require cryogenic temperatures to maintain zero electrical resistance. Liquid helium logistics — production, transport, and storage — are a...
What external sources document Liquid Helium? ▾
Liquid Helium is documented by 4 external sources, including 1 Encyclopedia Article, 1 Official Facility Page (ITER Organization), and 1 Technical Report (OSTI ID: 6208036). Notable references include "Liquid helium - Wikipedia", "Cryogenics - ITER", and "Cycle design for a cryogenic refrigeration system for FED with Forced-Flow Superfluid Helium through internally cooled conductors".
How was information about Liquid Helium collected? ▾
Information about Liquid Helium was collected through open-source intelligence (OSINT) methods, analyzing 4 declassified documents and cross-referencing findings across the research network.
What is the current status of Liquid Helium? ▾
Helium cooled below its boiling point (4.2 K at atmospheric pressure), used as a cryogenic coolant for superconducting magnets. Superconducting magnets in fusion devices (including HTS and LTS systems) require cryogenic temperatures to maintain...
How does Liquid Helium relate to compact fusion research? ▾
Overview Helium cooled below its boiling point (4.2 K at atmospheric pressure), used as a cryogenic coolant for superconducting magnets. Superconducting magnets in fusion devices (including HTS and LTS systems) require cryogenic temperatures to maintain zero electrical resistance. Liquid helium...
What documents should I read to learn more about Liquid Helium? ▾
To learn more about Liquid Helium, review the 4 primary sources, and related research finding linked in the source documents section of this dossier.

External_References 5 REFS

/pdfs/27046685.pdf#page=18 ref
/pdfs/27046685.pdf#page=52 ref
/pdfs/27046685.pdf#page=121 ref
/pdfs/AD0404515.pdf#page=57 ref
/pdfs/JFEdraft07232019_submitted.pdf#page=1 ref

Glossary_Sources

→ 27046685.pdf → 27046685.pdf → 27046685.pdf → AD0404515.pdf → JFEdraft07232019_submitted.pdf

External_Primary_Sources 2

paper 2024-12-20
Producing entangled photon pairs and quantum squeezed states in plasmas — Physical Review E
Kenan Qu, Nathaniel J. Fisch
preprint
Producing entangled photon pairs and quantum squeezed states in plasmas — arXiv
Kenan Qu, Nathaniel J. Fisch

Verified_Primary_Sources 4 SOURCES

secondary wikipedia.org Encyclopedia Article
Liquid helium - Wikipedia
Verifies: Helium-4 boiling point at one atmosphere is 4.2 K (-268.95 C); Liquid helium is used as a cryogenic refrigerant for superconducting magnets; Used in MRI, NMR, MEG, and physics experiments including the Large Hadron Collider
External Link ↗
primary iter.org Official Facility Page (ITER Organization)
Cryogenics - ITER
Verifies: ITER magnets cooled with supercritical helium at 4 K (-269 C); Baths with liquid helium at 4.5 K and 4.2 K provide the cold source; ITER cryogenic system is the largest concentrated cryogenic system in the world
External Link ↗
primary osti.gov Technical Report (OSTI ID: 6208036)
Cycle design for a cryogenic refrigeration system for FED with Forced-Flow Superfluid Helium through internally cooled conductors
Verifies: Cryogenic refrigeration system designed for superconducting magnet system of Fusion Engineering Device; Uses superfluid helium for cooling niobium titanium superconductors at high fields
External Link ↗
primary osti.gov Journal Article (OSTI ID: 20845848)
Cryogenic System for the Superconducting Tokamak HT-7U
Verifies: Superconducting magnets cooled with forced-flow supercritical helium at 3.8 K; Helium refrigerator provides cooling power at 3.5, 4.5, and 80 K; Refrigerator produces liquid helium for cooling current leads
External Link ↗
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ID: glossary:liquid-helium
Type: concept
Region: glossary
Last updated: Research database snapshot