ETE Spherical Tokamak
ID: ete-tokamak
Summary
Experimento Tokamak Esférico. INPE/LAP, São José dos Campos, Brazil. R=0.3m, a=0.2m, B=0.1T. First plasma late 2000.
Overview
The Experimento Tokamak Esférico (ETE Spherical Tokamak) is a specialized compact magnetic confinement research facility located at the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) Associated Plasma Laboratory (LAP) in São José dos Campos, Brazil. Designed to explore low-aspect-ratio toroidal geometry, the machine features a major radius of $R = 0.3\text{ m}$, a minor radius of $a = 0.2\text{ m}$ (yielding an aspect ratio of approximately 1.5), and an operational toroidal magnetic field strength of $B = 0.1\text{ T}$. Achieving its first plasma in late 2000, ETE was engineered to investigate fundamental plasma physics within the framework of Magnetic Confinement Fusion (MCF), providing empirical data on high-beta equilibrium and stability in compact geometries. The facility represents an essential Southern Hemisphere node in the study of low-aspect-ratio plasma behavior, tracking historical developments in plasma confinement that trace back through milestones such as the Ninth IAEA Conference on Plasma Physics and shaping experimental techniques alongside global spherical tokamak programs.
Significance
Within the classified aerospace and advanced plasma research ecosystem, the ETE Spherical Tokamak provides critical insights into compact magnetic topologies that intersect with broader confinement methodologies. Operating in a tight geometric aspect ratio, the facility enables researchers to analyze boundary layer physics, edge turbulence, and localized First-Wall Heat Flux under high plasma elongation. These core physics regimes correlate with concepts leveraged in both mainstream projects like ITER and alternate compact designs such as the Spheromak. Furthermore, experimental data on magnetic geometry and stability boundaries inform ongoing global research into compact, high-performance confinement, complementing advances pursued by private entities like Commonwealth Fusion Systems and alternate plasma compression experiments like the Plasma Liner Experiment (PLX). The ETE installation demonstrates how medium-scale national facilities contribute foundational validation data for systemic magnetic confinement modeling in the broader fusion landscape.
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