PINSTECH R&D Activities CERN Task Force Review Meeting April 19, 2022 Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology (PINSTECH) | CERN Outline - PINSTECH: History and Organogram - Major Facilities at PINSTECH - Science Research at PINSTECH - Technology Development and Technical Services at PINSTECH - Scientific Collaborations and Quality Assurance at PINSTECH - PINSTECH's Association with CERN PINSTECH Visionary Pioneers: Conceived the vision of establishing PINSTECH in 1960. - Dr. Ishrat H. Usmani (Chairman, PAEC) - Prof. Dr. Abdus Salam (Nobel Laureate) Key Milestones: - 1961 - 1963 - 1965 Reactor Building - Pakistan Research Reactor-1 (PARR-1) - Criticality of PARR-1: 21 December 1965 Director General - Director Science: - Head of Divisions: Physics, Theoretical Physics, Chemistry - Director Technology: - Head of Divisions: Isotopes Production, Isotopes Application, Materials - Director Coordination: - Head of Divisions: Scientific Information, Management Info & System, Programme Coordination - Director Systems & Services: - Head of Divisions: Nuclear Engineering, Health Physics, Central Analytical Facility, Electronics, General Services - Director Quality - Director Finance - Director Admin Major Facilities at PINSTECH: - PARR-1 - PARR-2 - Mo-99 Production - Tc-99m Generator - Iodine-131 Production - Furnaces - XRD - SEM - Optical Microscope + Heating Stage PHYSICS: - High Energy Physics: - Study of Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), to investigate the matter formed shortly after the Big Bang - ALICE-CERN HEP Data Analysis, GEM Readout chambers for ALICE-TPC, Simulation studies for GEMs/ITS and high energy interactions - Event vertex reconstruction of JUNO (JUNO-IHEP China) - Entanglement properties of neutrino flavors in vacuum as well as in material medium (JUNO-IHEP China) - Atomic Physics: - Ion induced sputtering, atomic excitations and secondary electron emission studies, nanosecond pulsed electron beam and nanosecond pulsed X-rays generation - Plasma Physics: - Investigation of waves instabilities in both space and laboratory plasmas - Nonlinear wave structures such as solitons, cnoidal and vortices in plasmas - Wave-particle interaction in fusion plasmas - Condensed Matter Physics: - Experimental condensed matter physics, Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric, Perovskite, Spinel structured materials CHEMISTRY: - Analytical Chemistry - Nuclear Chemistry - Materials Chemistry - Catalysis/Electro-Chemistry - Separation Chemistry Key Research Areas: - Analysis of diverse matrices for their elemental, radioisotope and organic content - Preparation of electrodes and catalyst for renewable energy and environmental applications - Preparation of reference materials for QA/QC - Synthesis of different materials such as calcium hydroxyapatite (HAp) for decontamination of heavy metals/radioactive waste - Synthesis of resins and 2D materials for environmental remediation and extraction purposes Materials Science / Nanomaterials / Functional Materials: - Nanomaterials-based Li ion batteries (LiBs) - Electrochemical biosensors - Photocatalyst for environmental remediation - Controlled synthesis of functional nanomaterials - Development of SERS (Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy) technique - Piezoelectric crystals of different compositions for different applications - Synthesization of Mn-Zn Ferrite transformer cores Facilities & Projects: - Argon glove box for fabrication of coin cell batteries, Lithium ion coin cell batteries testing system - Au-ZnO hybrid structures, Charge Capacity of Au-ZnO based LiBs - CeB6 Cathode for electron emission for LINAC Project - Scintillation Screen for LINAC Project Production of radioisotopes/radiopharmaceuticals in Research Reactor at PINSTECH: - Isotopes: Mo-99/Tc-99m/I-131 - Fission Mo-99/Tc-99m: ~1300 generators/year (Weekly production of 40-45 generators ~ 300-600 mCi) - Iodine-131: ~1000 consignments/year - Freeze Dried kits: Type of kits = 11, ~30000 vials/year Supplying to: - 19 PAEC Cancer Hospitals - 24 Public Sector Hospitals - 16 Private Hospitals Facilities: - Tc-99m Generator Production Facility - Hot Cell-1: Heating and Evaporation of I-131 - Hot Cell 2: Dispensing of I-131 in container with computer control measurement Composites: Al-B4C - Lab. Scale Development: R & D on Al/B4C plate was demonstrated on Lab. scale (Ingot -> Billet -> Sheet) - Pilot Scale Development/Facilities: - Objective: To develop Al/B4C composite plates for spent fuel storage racks and casks - Current Status: Pilot plant is in operation; Facility would be enough to cater current needs of PAEC power sector LINAC: - 6 MeV LINAC for NDT (prototype developed) - 6 MeV Medical LINAC by June 2022 - 6 MeV LINAC for Cargo scanning June 2023 Future Development: - Enhancement of Energy up to 15 MeV - Experimentation around LINAC Health Physics Technical Services: - Radiation protection/surveillance and technical support - Personal dosimetry and standard calibration of dosimetry related systems used for the diagnostic of cancer patients and radiation workers - Solid and liquid radioactive waste management - R&D, teaching and training related to radiation, radiation protection and radiation emergency handling - Radiological environmental monitoring country wide International Collaborations: - IAEA: - Technical Cooperation Projects (TCP) - Coordinated Research Projects (CRP) - RCA (Regional / National) - Establishment of Labs, Procurement of Equipment, Manpower Training, Expert Mission - Pakistan is one of highest recipient of Technical Cooperation Program of IAEA - CERN: Associate Membership, Trainings - ICTP: Research, Training - IHEP: Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) National Collaborations: - Pakistan Science Foundation - National Centre for Physics - National Universities (Quaid-i-Azam University, NUST, International Islamic University, HEC, etc.) Quality Assurance and Control: - Regional Resource Centers (IAEA / RCA): - Isotope Hydrology - Neutron Activation - Certifications: - ISO (9001:2015) certification: - Isotope Production - Health Physics - Central Analytical Facility - PNAC (Pakistan National Accreditation Council) ISO/IEC 17025 (LAB 012) Association Timeline: - 2015: Pakistan became an Associate Member of CERN - 2017: PINSTECH signed an MOU with ALICE Collaboration for an Associate Membership - 2018: PINSTECH-Medicis (ISOLDE) started collaboration - 2020: PINSTECH and CERN's Neutrino-platform signed a cooperation addendum - 2020: PINSTECH became a Member of MEDICIS (ISOLDE) collaboration Collaboration Areas: - ALICE: - High energy heavy-ion physics (Data Analysis) - GEM based detectors for ALICE TPC Upgrade - Simulation studies for ALICE ITS - MEDICIS: - Radio-lanthanides separation process development - Implantation foils material development - Ba128/PtCl2 production processes - Neutrino Platform: - CVN (Convolutional Visual Network) based data analysis - Neutrino interaction classification - Neutrino flavour identification - CLIC + CTF3 + LINAC4: - Control of DC electron gun for CTF3 drive beam - Electronics of drive beam gun - CTF3 beam operations - 2016: - High Energy Physics Group (HEPG) was established at PINSTECH - LINAC (PINSTECH) scientists visited CERN for training - 2017: - PINSTECH and ALICE Experiment signed an MOU for the Associate Membership - Chairman PAEC visited CERN and ALICE Experiment - 2018: - Member (science) PAEC visited CERN, MEDICIS & ALICE - A CERN delegate including Ms. Charlotte and Prof. Emmanuel visited PINSTECH - 2019: - A dedicated group for ALICE collaboration (ALICE-CERN Group) was established at PINSTECH - DG PINSTECH represented PINSTECH in ALICE week at CERN - 2020: - An addendum was signed between PINSTECH and CERN's Neutrino Platform - PINSTECH became a member of CERN's MEDICIS (ISOLDE) Collaboration - PINSTECH organized a webinar on 'PINSTECH-CERN' Collaboration activities PINSTECH-CERN Trainings: 1. ALICE: 05 persons trained on Physics Analysis, GEM based detectors, O2 Framework for Run3 2. MEDICIS: 03 persons trained on Development of radioisotopes separation and purification processes 3. CLIC + CTF3: 06 persons trained on Electronics of drive beam gun, CTF3 beam operations, Control of DC Electron Gun for CTF3 Scientific Output in Collaboration with CERN: 1. Research Papers: 08 total (ALICE: 05, MEDICIS: 01, CLIC: 02) 2. CERN Analysis/Technical Notes: 04 total (ALICE: 03, MEDICIS: 01) 3. Poster Presentations: 02 (ALICE: 02) 4. Conference Talks: 05 (ALICE: 03, CLIC: 02) 5. Student Theses: 16 (ALICE: 11 completed + 5 ongoing) - 07 Students/Researchers trained with CERN went on to PhD studies in Germany, Norway and China (ALICE: 01, CMS: 01, ATLAS: 02, STAR: 01, DESY: 02) Webinars / Workshops: 1. Webinar on PINSTECH-CERN Collaboration (2020) - 235 participants 2. A Workshop on Computing with Python (2020) - 61 participants 3. Seminar on ALICE physics analysis and TPC upgrade (2019) - 43 participants 4. Seminar on ALICE physics analysis (2019) - 38 participants 5. Seminar on Heavy Ion Physics with ALICE at CERN (2019) - 25 participants 6. Symposium on Data Analysis for High Energy Physics (2018) - 75 participants 7. Workshop on Monte Carlo Simulations-Applications in Science and Technology (2017) - 67 participants 8. Two days seminar on Pakistan's Collaborations with CERN and SESAME (2016) - 176 participants 9. Two Weeks Seminar on Fluka and its Applications (2016) - 14 participants ALICE Physics Analysis (Completed Projects): - (Anti-)deuteron spectra and absorption study in the detector material of ALICE for p-Pb collisions - Production of (anti-)deuterons in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV - Pi/K/p production in Xe-Xe collisions at √sNN = 5.44 TeV Published Results: - Transverse momentum distributions of deuterons (left) and constraints (right) on the inelastic cross section of 3He as a function of momentum in pp at 13TeV - Average mean transverse momentum as a function of transverse multiplicity and coalescence parameter B2 at pT/A = 1.05 GeV as a function of charged particle multiplicity - Spectra of pi/K/p in Xe-Xe collisions at 5.44 TeV ALICE TPC GEM Upgrade (Completed Projects): - Preparation and Installation of GEM based chambers on the ALICE TPC (Time Projection Chamber) - GEM foils QA for ALICE TPC - Assembly and testing of GEM chambers for CMS muon system upgrade - Simulation studies of secondary discharges in GEM structures - Successful installation acknowledgement by ALICE TPCU Installation Team PINSTECH-MEDICIS (Completed Projects): - Carrier Added Radio lanthanides Separation Process Development - Non Carrier Added Radio lanthanides Separation Process Development - Implantation Foils Material Development - Ba128 and PtCl2 Production Processes - Milestone: Accomplished the first radiochemistry test @MedicisPromed, separating Europium-149 and Thulium-168 from samples produced during 1st operational year LINAC at PINSTECH - Design & Operational Parameters: - Max Energy: 06 MeV - Input Power: 2.5 MW - Pulse Repetition Freq.: 50 Hz - RF Pulse Width: 4 μs - Operation frequency: 2998.2 MHz - Output current: 80 mA - X-ray Dose Rate (@ 100cm): 0.54 Gy/min Key Areas: - Radiography (NDT) - Electron Gun and Beam Optics - RF Accelerator Design and Development - HV Pulsed Modulators - EPICS based Control System of LINAC - Trainings at CERN played an important role in development of indigenous LINAC technology at PINSTECH Ongoing Projects: - Delta (Δ++ / Δ̄--) resonances production in p-Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 & 8.16 TeV (Presented in ALICE Resonance PAG meeting Oct 27, 2021) - High multiplicity pi/K/p production in pp collisions using O2 framework (The Raw yield of π+ in pp collisions at 13 TeV using O2 Physics environment) - Particle identification based on cluster size using inner tracking system (ITS) detector (Cluster size distribution for pion π+ presented in ALICE WP1: ITS3 Physics Studies meeting Dec 15, 2021) - Simulation modelling of particle production in HEP interactions PINSTECH-MEDICIS: - Parameters Optimisation For Non Carrier/Carrier Added Production of Radio lanthanides - Exchange of medical research isotopes between PINSTECH and CERN - Automatic Setup For Large Scale Isotopes Production at CERN PINSTECH-Neutrino Platform & Accelerator Research: - Development of medical LINAC - Accelerator based Neutrino Physics and its Implications (with DUNE-CERN) Thanks