TTCP WPN Action Group 25 Novel Weapons Technologies EMP February 27 2012

Summary

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Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. I. REPORT DATE 3. DATES COVERED FEB 2012 2. REPORT TYPE 00-00-2012 to 00-00-2012 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Sa. CONTRACT NUMBER TTCP WPN Action Group 25 Novel Weapons Technologies Sb. GRANT NUMBER Sc. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) Sd. PROJECT NUMBER Se. TASK NUMBER Sf. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION TTCPffhe Technical Cooperation Program/Subcommittee,on REPORT NUMBER Non-Atomic Military Research And Development, , , 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION/A VAILABILITY STATEMENT Distribution authorized to US Government agencies and their contractors; Foreign Government Information; 16-10-2000; TTCP MOU Amendment One, OUSD (AT&L)/DDR&E/ITP,3080 Pentagon, Washington, DC, 20301. 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Proceedings of the 37th Meeting, DTSO Edinburg, Vol 2, WPN Group Conventional Weapons, Technology Technical Panel, WPN TP-4, Energetic Materials and Propulsion Technology, 27 Feb-2 Mar 2012 14. ABSTRACT IS. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF IS.NUMBER 19a. NAME OF ABSTRACT OF PAGES RESPONSIBLE PERSON a.REPORT b.ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE 5 40 unclassified unclassified unclassified Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-IR

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Outline • Terms of Reference • Scope • Responsibilities • Participants • Status • Summary of Activities • Discussion of Methodology • Deep Dive Technology Survey • Rating of Technologies • Preliminary Recommendations • Summary of Future Activities FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 2

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Scope • Novel weapons technologies include but not limited to: • Energetic Materials • Directed Energy • Micro-Weapons I Munitions • Swarming Multi-Agent Systems (except for Micro-UAVs) • Autonomy and Emerging Algorithms for Guidance and Control • Basic research leading to novel weapons concepts • Novel uses of existing technology • TRLs to be considered are 1-4 • Account for other relevant activities • Other TTCP Groups - MAT, LND, SEN and EWS • TPs in WPN Group • Intel community • AG-24 Managed Lethality Weapon Systems • Other non-TTCP collaborations including NATO Panels FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 3

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Responsibilities • Survey and review current activities in the field, both amongst the participating nations and other countries • Make an assessment of the current state of novel weapons technologies • Identify the main scientific and technological challenges remaining to reduce the technical risks and costs associated with the development and deployment of selected novel weapons technologies • Make recommendations for future international collaboration, under the WPN Group and other TTCP Groups • Provide a final report on the results of the effort to the 40th WPN Group meeting (May 2011) FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 4

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Participants AG 25 Membership • Australia • Craig Hardie DSTO • Canada • Paul Harris DRDC • United Kingdom • John Christensen Dstl • United States • Brad Forch (Lead) US Army ARL • Edward Bradley US Air Force AFRL • Stuart Blashill (Mentor) US Navy NAWC WPN TP Representatives • TP 2: Peter Plostins US Army ARL • TP 7: Willy Toledo US Army ARL FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 5

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Summary of Activities • Held Leadership telecon: 7 June 10; Member telecons: 30 March, 27 April 11and10 Jun 11. • Held combined AG25/24 Workshop (19-22 July 10) • Completed Deep Dive technology survey • Rated and Prioritized technologies based on “Level of Interest” and present “Funding Levels” • Consulted Next Revolution in Military Affairs documentation produced by Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division • Submitted draft final report for WPN Telecon, 15 Dec 10 • Formulated preliminary recommendations FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 6

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Discussion of Methodology ~-

-s- *rTcl’{’ • The subject area of weapons technology is impossibly broad • The challenge is managing the complexity to increase the probability of identifying critical technologies (not missing technologies and correctly evaluating impact) • A process is required that minimizes the effect of subjective decisions and maximizes the possibility of investing wisely • It is obvious that there is no process that will even come close to guaranteeing success (predicting the future) • Simplified Three Step “Straw Man” Process (Inter-Related and Inter-Dependent) • Step 1: Focused on gaining historical, geo-political, sociological, military strategic and operational understanding of the world • Step 2: Focused on scanning the S&T horizon, guided by the knowledge and framework gained from the first stage, establishing technological relationships and groupings, and prioritizing • Step 3: Focused on a quantifiable evaluation methodology to determine which technologies have the greatest potential for significant impact FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 7

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A Perspective from studies in Next Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) • Starting in about 1998, “NAWC Weapons Division, set out to determine what future wars would look like, what the flow of future military history would be, and what our world as an Armament Lab would look like” • Based on studies in history of RMAs, constructed projections of future military evolution, built and studied scenarios of future geopolitical options • Concluded that geopolitics were probably not going to be the major drivers of future military history, rather technology • Emerging technologies that would reshape the world were advancing independently of the geopolitical scenarios • To understand the nature of war, armaments, and the military coming age, we must look at the base technologies driving the new order, and then ascertain what effect they will have • Must start with a review of the known, emerging technologies, and then project their growth and impact on military wars. FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 8

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Step 2: Scanning the S&T Horizon A perspective from studies in Next Revolution in Military Affairs • Started a Technology Study Program to identify emerging technologies, their military potential, and their probable effect on future warfare • From a larger list, identified 20 emerging technologies (prioritizing) they believed would have the greatest effect in the near term (1st half of the 21st century), plus 5 “possible/not improbable” technology developments that would “significantly change our world if they occur” • Computer technology Ubiquitous computing • Human Language interface for computers Machine vision • Robot technology Information technology • Fullerene chemistry Multi-level coding system in DNA • Bio-tech analysis instrumentation Human bio genetic/chemical computer model • Treatment of hereditary genetic diseases Control of bio-metabolic diseases • Blood and tissue matching drugs Tissue engineering • Neuroscience Neuropharmacology • Cellulose to glucose process Nanotechnology • Chaos theory Fuel cells to permit deep sea habitation FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 9

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Step 3: A Quantifiable Evaluation Methodology … A Methodology for Assessing Disruptions • NATO RTO SAS 026 Assessment of Possible Disruptive Technologies for Defence and Security • NATO RTO SAS 082 Disruptive Technology Assessment Game: Extension and Applications • It uses the red-blue teaming concept to determine: • Which emerging systems may be disruptive; • Which technologies may be useful to the future military in the defence & security context (Horizon II, or Ill). • DRDC is using a process similar to this • TTCP Joint Systems and Analysis Group (JSA) AG17 Emerging and Disruptive Technology Action Group (EDTAG) • “Provide an end-to-end process for identifying, assessing and reporting the defense and security implications of EDT developments” • Applying this methodology is outside of the scope of this AG FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 10

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Deep Dive Technology Survey (1/5) • Part of Step 2 of the simplified process • Explored approximately 300 technologies • Public and closed sources • Did not limit survey to conventional sources that focus on weapons technologies • Included academic, institutional, scholarly sources and peer-reviewed or refereed articles • Assessed technology readiness level and potential operational impact FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 11

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Deep Dive Technology Survey (2/5) Directed Energy Weapons & Technology Micro-Weapons I Munitions & Swarming Multi-Agent Systems Laser Technologies Swarming weapons and munitions High Energy -High Power Lasers Direct operator control Solid-State Lasers T eleoperator control Fiber Lasers Limited control Free Electron Lasers No direct control Attosecond Lasers MEMS based Plastic Dye Rod Lasers Gun launched, projectile dispersed smart sub munitions Explosively Pumped Lasers Micro-munitions (self-propelled) SPASER Nano-Laser Small Caliber Guided Munitions (< 20 mm) Bending Laser Light Medium Caliber Guided Munitions(< 100 mm) Laser Guided Energy Swarming bullets and sub-munitions High -Power Microwaves (small) Networks Physics Bose-Einstein Condensates Loitering Weapons Electromagnetic Weapons Transformable weapons Electromagnetic Pulse “Perching” weapons Nuclear Maritime loitering Conventional Tactical Explosively pumped flux compression generator Militarization of Space (Space-Based Weapons) Explosive and propellant driven Magneto-Hydrodynamic generator Space based anti-satellite and anti-missile systems Detonation Merging Space based ground attack systems Compressed Magnetic Flux -Magneto Hydrodynamic Explosive Munition Ground based anti-satellite and anti-missile systems High power microwave devices Compact EMP weapons Active Protection Electromagnetic kinetic energy devices Point (individual platform) Power generation and storage Area (encampment/battle group) Atomospheric propagation Theater (BMD) Thermal management Environmental Weapons High Speed Weapons (MACH 5+) Environmental manipulation Fuzing Tailoring of weather patterns Materials High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program Radom es Scalar electromagnetic waves/weapons Sensors Propulsion GNC Thermal Management Boosters FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 12

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, . Deep Dive Technology Survey (3/5) ~~\ ~~~ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~ * ~ rrcv {’ Non-Lethal I Less than Lethal Fundamental Understanding/Basic Research Disruption of power grids Nano-Structured Materials Mechanical Entanglements Nano-Metals (other than Aluminum} Slime, Goo, Grey Goo, Foams Nano Aluminum Scalable Enhanced Blast Nano-Energetics Reactive Metals, Thermite Warheads and Bombs Nano-Engineered Energetics Super Lubricants Nanoscale Thermite Materials Corrosive Materials Nano-Porous Silicon Engine Disrupters and Combustion Inhibitors Graphene Obscurants Material studies Electromagnetics Weapons applications Electrical Incapacitating Devices Fuel catalyst High-Power Microwaves Nano-diamonds Malodorants Super atom clusters Calmatives Coulomb explosions in nano-clusters Irritants Processing and Fabrication Flash-Bang Technologies for large volume production Taggants to Mark Targets Alternate Methods Blunt Projectiles Arrested Reactive Milling (ARM) Laser-Induced Biological Effects Energy Saturated Media (ESM) Laser Dazzler Swaging Laser heating Meta materials Laser Photochemical Effects Nano-Technology Weapons Laser Guided Energy I Laser Plasma Channels Nano-molecular manufacturing of weapons Acoustics Nano-wire obstacles Noise and Sound Generators Nano-tipped and/or coated projectiles Sonic Bullets and Magnetic Acoustic Devices Nano-fragmenting projectiles and explosively launched fragments Infrasonic Low Frequency Devices Nano-metal warheads for MOUT Mosquito High-Frequency Devices Nano-edged cutting weapons Electrophonic Sound Novel Physics Bio-Effects and Neuroscience Metastable clusters Tuned Electromagnetic or Other Radiation Sources Polymeric Nitrogen Neuroreceptor Targeting Agents Metallic Hydrogen Psychologically Targeted Acoustic Weapons Structural Bond Energy Release in Strained Solids Visual Non-fusion ignition of sub-atomic reactions Laser-Based Holographic Image Projection Ballotechnics Genetically Specific Targeted Effectors New materials formed at extreme pressure Polymeric Carbon Monoxide Nuclear Spin Isomers FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 13

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Deep Dive Technology Survey (4/5) Fundamental Understanding/Basic Research (Continued) Propulsion Anti-Matter High-Speed Weapons Atomic Propellants Ramjets Casimir effect gimbals/gyro Ducted rockets Multidisciplinary Computational Science Scramj ets Coupled materials/electrodynamics/chemistry Dual Combustion Ramjets Algorithms for coupling multidisciplinary physics PDE/PORE New Experimental methods for Verification and Validation of Multidisciplinary physics Undersea Propulsion Multidisciplinary data management/correlation/output High-speed supercavitating rocket-propelled torpedo Multidisciplinary visualization Novel Propulsion Multiscale Material Science Magnetohydrodynamic augmented propulsion Algorithms for bridging material scales (including energetics) Hypersonic MHD bypass propulsion New Experimental methods for Verification and Validation of at and across multiple scales Blast wave accelerator Multiscale data management/correlation/output Laser driven propulsion Multiscale visualization Ablative laser propulsion Cold Fusion/LENR Pulsed plasma propulsion Electro-thermal chemical propulsion Energetic Materials Electromagnetic guns (rail gun) New energetic ingredients Fuels, oxidizers, binders, plasticizers, additives Payloads Alane (AIH3 - replacing aluminum) Blast Warheads AON (replacing ammonium perchlorate) Thermobaric explosives Encapsulation and doping CNTs as energetic materials Fuel-Air explosives Solid gun and rocket propellants Conventional Liquid and gel rocket propellant Energy managed approaches Explosives Destruction of chem/bio Enhanced blast, fuel-air, and multi-phase blast explosives Penetrators Reactive explosive clusters Barrier blind bullets Novel metal complex explosives Vehicle and body armor Reactive materials Bunkers and structures Penetrating energetic materials CCM Non-penetrating energetic materials Defeat of active protection Structural energetic materials Kinetic Warheads Biosynthesis of energetic ingredients Replacements for DU/W Drivers Selectable output Insensitivity Green-toxicity Improved performance Low signature and smoke Cost Systems level energy management (how distribution of energy use in the kill chain influences effect) FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 14

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Deep Dive Technology Survey (5/5) Guidance and Control Guidance and Control (Continued) Actuation Power Adaptive flow control Energy harvesting Plasma flow control Power sources -long duration and/or miniature Electro-active polymers Nano electronics Magneto-rheological fluidic (MR) Nano radios/antennae Electro-rheological fluidic (ER) Multi-equilibrium structures Fuzing Micro-thrusters Sensors Sensors Impact-sensor for adaptive fuzing Advanced photovoltaics (COTS+) Thin film magnetometers Light enhancement for optical systems Seeker integrated fuzing Multifunctional structures Multi-point initiation Miniaturized radar Hyperspectral sensors Materials and Structures LAD AR/LI DAR Nano-composites Data fusion between sensors Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) Micro active UWB radar array Novel alloys Chem/bio Bulk metallic glass BDA Ceramics Algorithms Composites/hybrids Hardware capable of handling emerging computational requirements Multi-functional Self-contained hardware Coatings Massively parallel Polymers/plastics Advanced electronics (nano-technology, nano-electronics, molecular electronics … ) Low observables Software Morphing materials Advanced Flight Controls Bio-inspired algorithms Supporting Technologies Neuroscience inspired algorithms HWIUScene generation Reduced State Guidance Database of scenes/maps/clutter (multi-spectral) Magnetic Navigation Projectiles Navigation in GPS denied environments High fidelity M&S Real time navigation initialization ATR Environmental Signal Processing -real-time for swarms High g launch Autonomy Temperature Navigation Aeroheating from high speed MEMS Atomic Clock FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 15

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Air, Ground, Undersea Hard to Detect & Destroy • The means to build these Very Small Weapons, alone micro-weapons and control Limited Lethality, Mass them is exceedingly difficult Attack of Hundreds on Single Target FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 17

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Biological Machine Weapons - Hybrids? …w ith both biological and artificial (e.g. electronic, mechanical or robotic) parts … Not quite yet, but surprisingly the work is accelerating … . FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 18

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Biological Machines - Hybrids Interfaces between machines and living systems, from individual cells to entire organisms. Goal is to create novel “biological machines” that take advantage of living cells’ capacity for nd computation. A giant flower beetle with implanted electrodes and a radio receiver on its back can be wirelessly controlled. Scientists at the University of California developed a tiny rig that receives control signals from a nearby computer. Electrical signals delivered via the electrodes command the insect to take off, turn left or right, or hover in midflight. Could one day be used for surveillance purposes or for search-and-rescue missions and WEAPONS FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 19

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Did anyone say Multi-Scale Modeling & Simulat Insensitive Munitions Ceramics -.-… and_,_ Properties used at the mesoscale wUI be obtoUned from molecular dynamics, quantum mechanical scale uperlmentlll tKhniques. From the bottom up … ab-lnltlo science that wlll enab I the four dlmenslonal (4-D) spatlal & temporal theoretlcal por rayal of large-scale, complex materlals of Interest.

ical Materials Multi-Functional Materials Elee:- tronic Materials Prediction of better material Big breakthrough making FC simulations Supercomputer. Software ds practical: ’”-"""’ reactive force fields based on QM ’""’”’""’""’ Describes: chemistry.charge transfer, etc. Fo ~--------Di>..,,—ce metals. OXidfs. organics. IA 1 nm 1 •”’ 1 mm meten How to do this Is the Great Debate!

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Rating of Technologies • Technologies were rated based on “Level of Interest” and previously existing “Funded Program” • Level of Interest • Rated by Australia, Canada, UK, US Army, US Air Force, US Navy • High, Medium, Low, No {Max 18 pts) • Funded Program • Rated by Australia, Canada, US Army, US Air Force, US Navy {not UK) • Yes, Low, Planned, No {Max 15 pts) • Some statistics • Based on “Level of Interest” • 74 tied for 1st place (18 pts) • 28 tied for 2nd place (17) • Based on existing “Funded Program” {No input from the UK) • 7 tied for 1st place (15) • 8 tied for 2nd place (14) • Rating does not provide sufficient discrimination for recommended collaboration - general guidance FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 21

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Example of Rating Based on Level of Interest Topic Level of Interest Ranking Rating TRL Rating: 18 2 17 4 2 17 2 Fiber Lasers 1 18 5 Free Electron Lasers 5 14 3 Attosecond Lasers 9 10 1 Plastic Dye Rod Lasers 8 11 6 Explosive Pumped Lasers 9 10 2 SPASER Nano-Laser 8 11 Bendin Laser Light 4 15 Laser Guided Ener y 18 2 High -Power Microwaves (small) 18 2 Physics 9 10 Bose-Einstein Condensates 8 11 Electromagnetic Weapons 5 14 Electroma netic Pulse 3 16 Nuclear 10 9 9 4 15 1-5 3 16 6 13 6 13 5 14 18 18 7 12 3-5 18 2-4 18 2-7 18 2-7 High Speed Weapons (MACH 5+) 18 Fuzing 18 1-2 Materials 18 2-9 Radomes 18 1-3 Sensors 18 2-4 Propulsion 18 3-6 GNC 18 2-5 Thermal Mana ement 18 2-7 Boosters 18 3-8 FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 22

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Example of Rating Based on Level of Funding Topic Funded Program Ranking Rating TRL Rating: LaserTechno 2 14 Hi h Ener -Hi h Power Lasers 4 12 4 Solid-State Lasers 5 11 2 Fiber lasers 2 14 5 Free Electron Lasers 10 6 3 Attosecond Lasers 13 3 1 Plastic Dye Rod Lasers 13 3 6 Explosive Pumped Lasers 13 3 2 SPASER Nano-Laser 13 3 10 6 1 7 9 2 5 11 2 10 6 Bose-Einstein Condensates 10 6 Electromagnetic Weapons 7 9 E!ectroma netic Pulse 5 11 Nuclear 10 6 9 7 9 1-5 13 3 enerator 13 3 7 9 13 3 8 8 8 8 10 6 3-5 5 11 2-4 7 9 2-7 7 9 2-7 High Speed Weapons (MACH 5+) 2 14 Fuzin 10 6 1-2 Ma1erials 4 12 2-9 Rado mes 7 9 1-3 Sensors 7 9 2-4 Propulsion 4 12 3-6 GNC 4 12 2-5 Thermal Mana ement 7 9 2-7 Boosters 10 6 3-8 FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 23

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Combined Rating (1/8) Topic Ranking TRL Level Level of of Interest Funding Directed Eneray WeaDOns & Technoloav Laser Technofooies 1 2 H1Qh Enerov -Hioh Power Lasers 2 4 4 Solid-state Lasers 2 5 2 Fiber Lasers 1 2 5 Free Electron Lasers 5 10 3 Attosecond Lasers 9 13 1 Plas1ic Dye Rod Lasers 8 13 6 Explosively Pumoed Lasers 9 13 2 SPASER Nano-Laser 8 13 1 Bendino Laser Ligh1 4 10 1 Laser Guided Enerov 1 7 2 High -Power Microwaves (small) 1 5 2 Physics 9 10 Bose-Ems1ein Condensates 8 10 1 Electromagne1ic Weapons 5 7 Electromagnetic Pulse 3 5 Nuclear 10 10 9 Conventional Tactical 4 1 1-5 Explosively pumped flux compression generator 3 13 Explosive and propellant driven Maonelo—Hydrodynamic generator 6 13 Detonation Mergino 6 1 Compressed Maonetic Flux -Magneto Hydrodynamic Explosive Munition 5 13 High power microwave devices 1 8 Compact EMP weapons 1 8 Electromagnetic kinetic energy devices 1 10 3-5 Power generation and storage 1 5 2-4 Atomospheric propagation 1 7 2-7 Thermal management 1 7 2-7 Hiah Speed Weapons (MACH 5+) 1 2 Fuzino 1 10 1-2 Materials 1 4 2-9 Radomes 1 7 1-3 Sensors 1 7 2-4 Propulsion 1 4 3—6 GNC 1 4 2-5 Thermal Management 1 7 2-7 Boosters 1 10 3-8 FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 24

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Combined Rating (2/8) Topic Rankina TRL Level Level of of Interest Fundlna Micro-Weapons I Munitions & Swarming Multi-Agent Systems 2 3 Swarming weapons and munitions 2 6 1-2 Direct operator control 5 11 Teleoperator control 4 8 Limited control 2 6 No direct control 5 9 MEMs based 4 8 1-4 Gun launched, projectile dispersed smart sub munitions 4 6 5 Micro-munitions (self-propelled) 3 8 1 SmaB caliber Guided Munitions(< 20 mm) 2 10 2 Medium Caliber Guided Munitions(< 100 mm) 3 14 4 Swarming buUets and sub-munitions 3 10 1-2 Networks 1 3 2-3 Loitering Weaoons 5 7 Transformable weapons 3 10 1-2 “Perching” weapons 5 12 1-2 Maritime loitering 10 13 2-9 MHitarization of Space (Space-Based Weaoons) Space based anti-satellite and anti-missile systems 11 13 3 Space based ground attack svstems 11 13 3 Ground based anti-satelite and anti-missile svstems 6 11 7 Active Protection Point (individual platform) 1 1 2-5 Area (encampmenl!battle group) 1 1 2-9 Theater (BMD} 2 5 7-9 Environmental Weapons Environmental manipulation 11 0 2 Tailorino of weather patterns 11 0 2 High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program 12 0 3 Scalar electromaonetic waves/weapons 12 0 3 FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 25

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,k).-i; Combined Rating (3/8) … ~ g l.i ~ .,.-:o ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: *rrcv Topic Ranking TRL Level Level of of Interest Fundina Non-Lethal I Less than Lethal Disruption of power grids 5 14 6 Mechanical Entanglements 9 14 4 Slime, Goo, Grey Goo, Foams 10 14 3 Scalable Enhanced Blast 1 7 5 Reactive Metals, Thermite Warheads and Bombs 4 7 6 Super Lubricants 10 13 3 Corrosive Materials 12 14 4 Enaine Disruoters and Combustion Inhibitors 4 12 4 Obscurants 3 9 5 Electromaanelics 3 9 6 Electrical lncapacitatina Devices 5 12 6 High-Power Microwaves 3 6 7 Malodorants 12 14 3 Calmalives 12 14 2 lrritan1s 10 14 5 Flash-Sana 4 12 6 Taaaants to Marl< Taraets 8 14 3 Blunt Projectiles 6 12 4 Laser-Induced Bioloaical Effects 8 12 4 Laser Dazzler 3 8 5 Laser healing 6 10 6 Laser Photochemical Effects 9 11 Laser Guided Energy I Laser Plasma Channels 10 10 5 Acoustics 7 14 8 Noise and Sound Generators 4 14 4 Sonic Bullets and Maanetic Acoustic Devices 8 0 5 Infrasonic Low Frequency Devices 9 13 4 Mosquito Hiah-Frequency Devices 10 0 4 Electroohonic Sound 9 0 6 Bio-Effects and Neuroscience 11 0 3 Tuned Electromaanetic or Other Radiation Sources 7 13 3 Neuroreceptor Targeting Agents 12 0 4 Psychologically Targeted Acoustic Weapons 10 0 3 Visual 9 0 Laser-Based Holographic Image Proiection 11 13 3 Geneticaly Specific Targeted Effectors 13 0 FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 26

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Combined Rating (4/8) Topic Ranking TRL Level Level of of Interest Funding Fundamental Understanding/Basic Research Nano-Structured Materials 2 5 Nano-Metals (other than Aluminum) 3 3 2-3 Nano Aluminum 4 3 3-9 Nano-Energetics 2 5 3 Nano-Enqineered Energetics 3 8 2 Nanoscale Thermrte Materials 3 10 2-4 Nano-Porous Silicon 4 11 1-2 Graphene 2 10 1-2 Material studies 2 7 Weapons aoolicalions 3 10 Fuel catalvst 6 13 Nano-diamonds 8 13 2-6 Super atom clusters 5 13 1 Coulomb explosions in nano-clusters 7 11 1 Processing and Fabrication 8 8 Technolooies for large volume production 7 13 2-9 Alternate Methods 10 13 2-6 Arrested Reactive MiDina (ARM) 8 13 Enerav Saturated Media (ESM) 10 13 Swaqinq 10 13 Metam aterials 2 14 1-3 Nano-Technolooy Weapons 10 15 1 Nano-molecular manufacturinQ of weapons 7 0 Nano-wire obstacles 11 0 Nano-tipped and/or coated projectiles 9 0 Nano-fragmenting projectiles and explosively launched fragments 7 13 Nano-metal warheads for MOUT 8 0 Nano-edged culling weapons 8 0 Novel Physics Metastable clusters 4 10 Polymeric Nitrogen 5 13 1-3 Metallic Hydrogen 7 13 1 Structural Bond Energy Release in Strained Solids 6 13 2-4 Non-fusion ignition of sub-atomic reactions 7 13 1-2 BaDotechnics 9 13 3 New materials formed at extreme pressure 6 13 1-4 Polymeric Carbon Monoxide 7 13 2-3 Nuclear Spin Isomers 7 0 1-2 Anti-Matter 9 13 1 Atomic Propellants 12 0 1 Casimir effect gimbals/gyro 10 11 1 FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 27

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Combined Rating (5/8) Topic Ranking TRL Level Level of of Interest Funding Fundamental Understanding/Basic Research (cont’d) Multidisciplinarv Computational Science 5 9 2 Coupled materials/electrodvnamics/chemistrv 7 11 Aloorithms for couplino multidisciplinary physics 5 10 New Experimental methods for Verification and Validation of Multidisciplinary physics 5 9 Multidisciplinary data management/correlation/output 5 9 Multidisciplinary visualization 6 9 Multiscale Material Science 3 11 2 Algorithms for bridging material scales (including enerootics) 2 11 New Experimental methods for Verification and Validation of at and across multiple scales 3 11 Multiscale data management/correlation/output 3 11 Multiscale visualization 4 11 Cold Fusion!LENR 8 14 2-3 Eneroetic Materials New eneraetic inoredients 1 3 Fuels, oxidizers. binders, plasticizers, additives 1 3 1-5 Alane (AIH3 -replacina aluminum) 5 14 3 AON (replacina ammonium perchlorate) 6 14 Encapsulation and doping CNTs as eneraetic materials 4 8 2-3 Solid gun and rocket propellants 1 2 2-6 Liquid and gel rocket propellant 4 10 2-4 Explosives 1 2 2-6 Enhanced blast, fuel-air, and multi-phase blast explosives 1 5 3-9 Reactive explosive clusters 5 11 3-4 Novel metal complex exofosives 4 14 2-6 Reactive materials 3 5 3-4 Penetratina energetic materials 4 8 Non-oenetratina eneraet1c materials 4 7 Structural energetic materials 5 9 Biosvnthesis of eneraetic inaredients 7 0 2 Drivers lnsensltivltv 2 1 2-6 Green-toxicitv 3 5 2-4 Improved performance 1 2 2-9 Low signature and smoke 3 8 2-9 Cost 5 8 2-9 Systems level energy management (how distribution of energy use in the k1U chain influences effect) 4 6 3-9 FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 28

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Combined Rating (6/8) Topic Ranking TRL Level Level of of Interest Funding Propulsion High-Speed Weapons 16 13 Ramiet s 2 8 3-9 Ducted rockets 2 8 3-9 Sc ramjets 3 7 3-6 Dual Combustion Ramjets 5 14 5 PDE/PORE 4 13 3-6 Undersea Propulsion 8 11 High-speed supercavitatmg rocket-prooelled torpedo 11 0 3 Novel Propulsion 0 Magnetohydrodynamic augmented propulsion 10 13 3 Hypersonic MHD bypass propulsion 10 0 3 Blast wave accelerator 11 0 2 Laser driven propulsion 11 13 2 Ablative laser propulsion 12 0 Pulsed plasma propulsion 12 13 Electro-thermal chemical propulsion 12 0 5 Electromaanetic guns (rail aun) 9 13 4 Payloads Blast Warheads 1 4 Thermobaric explosives 1 5 4-9 Fuel-Air explosives 3 10 4-9 Conventional 5 10 Energy managed approaches 2 10 2-3 Destruction of chemfbio 5 10 2-6 Penetrators 3 7 Barrier blind buUets 3 10 3-9 Vehicle and body armor 1 7 2-9 Bunkers and structures 1 7 3-9 CCM 1 7 Defeat of active protection 1 7 5 Kinetic Warheads 3 7 Replacements for OU/W 6 10 3-5 Selectable output 13 13 FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 29

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Combined Rating (7/8) Topic Ranking TRL Level Level of of Interest Funding Guidance and Control Actuation 1 3 Adaptive flow control 1 11 5 Plasma flow control 2 13 1 Electro-active polymers 2 13 1 Magneto-rheological fluidic (MR) 1 0 1 Electro-rheolooical fluidic (ER) 1 0 1 Multi-equilibrium structures 3 13 2 Micro-thrusters 2 5 4 Sensors 1 4 Advanced photovoltaics <COTS+) 1 10 2-6 light enhancement for optical systems 1 13 2-3 Multifunctional structures 1 13 1-3 Miniaturized radar 1 13 2 Hyperspectral sensors 1 5 2 LADAR/LIDAR 1 5 2-6 Data fusion between sensors 1 5 3-5 Micro active UWB radar array 1 0 1-2 Chem/bio 2 0 1-2 BDA 3 7 1-4 Algorithms 1 1 Hardware capable of handling emerging compu1ational requirements 2 4 1-3 Self-contained hardware 3 5 Massively parallel 4 4 Advanced electronics (nano-technoloov, nano-electronics, molecular electronics … ) 2 7 Software 1 1 Advanced Fltaht Controls 1 2 2-5 Bio-inspired aklorithms 2 2 1-4 Neuroscience insoired alaorithms 3 8 1-3 Reduced State Guidance 1 10 3-5 Magnetic Naviaation 6 10 5 Navigation in GPS denied environments 1 2 1-5 Real time naviaation initialization 2 11 2-3 ATR 1 3 2-5 Signal Processing -real-time for swarms 1 5 2-4 Au1onomy 1 4 2-4 Navigation 1 5 MEMS Atomic Clock 6 13 2 Power 1 1 Energy harvestina 1 11 2-3 Power sources -long duration and/or miniature 1 4 2-4 Nano electronics 4 13 1-2 Nano radios/antennae 4 0 2-3 FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, - - .. ___ , ”·- 30

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Combined Rating (8/8) Topic Rankina TRL Level Level of of Interest Fundina Fuzing 2 4 Sensors 4 10 Impact-sensor for adaptive fuzing 4 10 1-3 Thin film magnetometers 5 0 1-2 Seeker integrated fuzing 1 7 2-5 Multi-point initiation 13 13 Materials and Structures Nano-composites 7 3-6 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) 1 7 2-5 Novel alloys 2 7 1-7 Bulk metaftic glass 1 10 1-2 Ceramics 3 7 1-7 Composites/hybrids 1 5 1-9 Multi-functional 1 7 1-9 Coatinas 1 4 1-9 Polymers/plastics 1 7 1-9 Low observables 2 5 1-9 Morphing materials 1 10 2-6 1 SUDDOrting Technologies HWIUScene aeneration 5 2-9 Database of scenes/maps/clutter (multi-spectral) 1 7 2-9 Projectiles 1 10 2-4 High fidelity M&S 3 1 3-9 1 Environmental High g launch 7 3-9 Temperature 1 4 Aeroheatina from h1ah speed 1 4 3-9 1 FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 31

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Process • There is a need for an annual ongoing assessment of novel weapons technologies including their military potential, and their probable effect on future warfare. Implementation options include: • Focus Group - a new way of doing business requiring a dedicated team • A new WPN Technical Panel • An ad hoc panel brought together annually from members across the WPN Technical Panels • A structured methodology needs to be adopted, potentially based on the work to be done by TTCP JSA AG 17 FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 32

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Preliminary Recommendations (2/5) Collaborations • Providing a short list of collaborations was challenging due to the large number of technologies identified in the Deep Dive • The proposed approach for generating a short list involves two basic categories for collaboration, broad technology areas and specific technologies • Each category can be subdivided into two time frames, immediate and longer term • Immediate implementation would be for broad technology areas and specific technologies where there is both strong interest and funding • Longer term implementation would be for broad technology areas and specific technologies where there is strong interest but lower funding levels FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 33

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Prelimina ry Recommendations (3/5) Identifying Collaboration s (cont’d) • Broad technology are as that have been identified for immediate implementation would be turned ove rto newAG’s • Broad technology are as with longer term implementation, a new entity would be created at the WPN Ie vel - Focus Group - for technology watch • Specific technology areas would be delegated to TP’s whether for immediate of longer term impleme ntation Broad Technology Areas Now - ----------.--------l.,___ _____W__a_tc_h - .-- —t Technology Are a Action Technology Area Action Laser weapons AG High Powered Microwave weapons Focus Group Active protection AG Micro weapons Focus Group Weapon autonomy Focus Group ···~ Swarming weapons Focus Group High fidelity M&S Focus Group Specific Technologies Now - ---------.--------l., ________W__a_tc_h - .-- —t Technology Are a Action Technology Area Action Ingredients for EM TP4 Reactive materials TP4 GNC algorithms TP7 Advanced sensors TP7 Navigation in GPS denied e nvironments TP 7 Automatic Target Recognition TP7 Adaptive flow control TP 2 Scalable enhanced blast TP 1,4 FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 34

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Preliminary Recommendations (4/5) Broad Technology Areas Now Watch Technology Area Action Technology Area Action Laser weapons AG - To cover non-lethal to High Powered Microwave weapons Focus Group - Evaluate lethal (need to write terms of interest and funding of all reference) technologies identified across countries on an annual basis. Encourage funding if deemed reasonable. Active protection AG - Covers several Groups Micro weapons Focus Group - as above (WPN, SEN and MAT) and TPs (WPN TP 1, 4). Also is multi-environment, land, air and sea. Weapon autonomy Focus Group - as above Swarming weapons Focus Group - as above High fidelity M&S Focus Group - To access across WPN what is being done, evaluate what is the potential including, corresponding interests (type of modelling) and what are the constraints on colloboration, determine if there is sufficient interest and funding and whether interests are compatible. The FG would last one year with effort then be transfered to TPs. This technology area could provide significant cost reduction through minimizing experimental testing. FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 35

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Preliminary Recommendations (5/5) Specific Technologies Now Watch Technology Area Action Technology Area Action Ingredients for EM TP4 Reactive materials TP4 GNC algorithms TP 7 Advanced sensors TP7 Navigation in GPS denied environments TP 7 - Might be overtaken by a Automatic Target Recognition TP 7 workshop. This is already a Focus Group in TP 7 and needs to consider a higher level of activity. Adaptive flow control TP 2 Scalable enhanced blast TP 1,4 FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 36

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Summary of Future Activities • Finalize recommendations and report • Deliver report- present objective is end of March 12 FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 37

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Action Items from WPN Group • Create a new TP (TP-9) Novel Weapons Technologies • The AG-25 proposed ‘new AGs’ would become the first KTAs of TP-9 • Items proposed by AG-25 for the watch list could become focus areas for TP-9 • AG-25 to prepare a draft TOR for TP-9 • AG-25 to identify proposed representatives and possible chair of TP-9 The proposal to create TP-9 was not approved by the TTCP principals FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU 38

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Questions? FOUO-TTCP-US, UK, Canada, AU